Gabatarwa

Ghana, ƙasa ce mai dogon tarihi, an daɗe ana dangwala ruwan tawwada a kan ganyayyaki daga baya kuma takardu har zuwa bayyanar na’urorin rubutu game da tarihin wannan ƙasa.

Daula ce da ta wanzu tun shekaru 5000 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa sannan ta kai ƙoluluwarta wajen ɗaukaka a shekaru 1000 kafin Haihuwar Annabi Isa kamar yadda Boahen (1986) ya wassafa.

Daular, da ta wanzu a Arewa-Maso-Yammacin Ghana ta yau wadda kuma aka wassafa da cewa ta wanzu ne a tsakanin ƙasashen Murtaniya, Mali da kuma Sanigal tare da zamowar garin Kumbi Sale da ke cikin ƙasar Murtaniya ta yau a matsayin cibiyar daular.

Faɗinta daga Yamma ya faro tun daga bakin kogin Sanigal ya runtuma zuwa Gabas har kogin Neja. Daga Kudu, ta fara daga Bambuk ta runtuma Arewa har zuwa tsakiyar Audagos kamar yadda aka wassafa a Boahen, (1986); Bari, (2015); Ancient Civilizations, (2021); Davies da Tawagarsa (2021). Tare da cewa, Ancient Civilizations, (2021) sun wallafa cewa: “Wagadugu shi ne sunan da ya fi dacewa da a kira wannan daula…Haƙiƙa Ghana laƙabi ne da ake kiran sarkin Wagadugu da shi wanda kuma marubutan Larabawa suka yi amfani da shi wajen siffata waje mai arziƙi da banmamaki”.

Tun wancan lokaci har zuwa wannan, ƙasar Ghana ta yi fice wajen arziƙin zinariya, dalilin da ya saka Turawan Mulkin-Mallaka suka ƙwallafa ransu a kanta, har suka riƙa kiranta da Gold Coast a Turance abin da za ka iya fassarawa da Yankin Zinariya a Hausance da ma’ana ta kwatanta yankin da arziƙin zinariya domin bambance shi da sauran sassan duniya. Kenan, tana ma iya kasancewa a duk duniya a wancan lokacin babu yankin da ya kai wannan arziƙin zinariya (Allah Ne Mafi Masani).

Bayan durƙushewar wannan daula ta Ghana a wajajen shekaru 500 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, sai wasu daga cikin ƙabilun da ke cikin wannan daula suka ƙaura zuwa yankunan da Ghana ta yau take suka kafa wata sabuwar daular-taron-dangi mai suna Daular Asante. Sannu a hankali, wannan daula ta sake ɗaukaka.

Girman daular ya kai ta haɗiye kusan dukkan wannan sabuwar Ghana ta yau, wasu yankuna daga cikin ƙasashen Ivory Coast da Togo ta yau saboda fasahar yaƙi; samun gurin da ya zama mahaɗar kasuwancin Hamada; ƙarfin soji da kuma cikakkiyar damar mallakar makamai a wancan zamani kamar yadda Boahen (1986) ya wassafa.

Wannan daula ta Asante tana kan ganiyarta ta ci karo da mamayar Turawan Mulkin-Mallaka daga Birtaniya suka karɓe mulkin gudanar da wannan daula mai tarin arziƙi suka raɗa mata wani sabon suna wanda shi ne Yankin Zinariya kamar yadda muka ambata a sama.

Turawa sun mulki wannan yanki tun daga farkon ƙarni na goma sha tara har zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na ashirin, inda daga baya ɗan kishin ƙasa Kwame Nkrumah ya yi fafutika tare da sauran masu dafa masa har suka kai ga nasarar mayar da wannan ƙasa ‘yantacciya a shekarar 1957 tare kuma da mayar mata sunanta na farko; Ghana kamar yadda ake kiranta da shi a yau.

Manazarta:

Ancient Civilizations (2021). 7a. Kingdom of Ghana. An ciro a shekarar 2021 daga shafin: https://www.ushistory.org/civ/7a.asp

Davies, O. da tawagarsa (2021). Ghana. Encyclopedia Britannica. An ciro a shekarar 2021 daga shafin: https://www.britannica.com/place/Ghana

The Presidency Republic of Ghana (2018). About Ghana. An ciro daga a shekarar 2021 daga shafin https://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/about-ghana

UNDP (2021). About Ghana. An ciro a shekarar 2021 daga shafin: https://www.gh.undp.org/content/ghana/en/home/countryinfo.html

World Bank (2021). Ghana At A Glance. An ciro a shekarar 2021 daga shafin: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ghana