Goro

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Goro


Bishiyar Goro Nau'in Acuminata
Hoto: Tropical Info


Gabatarwa

Goro, suna ne na ɗan itaciya mai dogon tarihi da tasiri. Muhimmancinsa a rayuwar al’ummu daban-daban a faɗin duniya musamman ma Afirka, ya haɗa da zamowarsa abinci, magani, abin girmama baƙo, abin amfanin al’ada, hanyar neman kuɗi da sauran su.

Batun dangantakar goro da lafiya, shi ne abin da ya zama fagen cece-ku-ce a tsakanin jama’a. Sai dai, duk da illar da goron ke yi wa lafiyar ɗan’adam kamar yadda ake ta yayatawa, binciken masana ya tabbatar da cewa, “Amfanin goro ga lafiyar ɗan’adam ya fi illolinsa yawa”, Ugwu da Tawagarsa (2020). Yana washe (wanke) baki, yana ƙara kuzari, yana gusar da yunwa da ƙishin ruwa, yana wartsakar da jiki sannan kuma yana ɗauke da sinadaran magani da sauran abubuwa masu tarin yawa (Lovejoy, 1980)

A kimiyyance ana kiran itaciyar da ke samar da goro da Cola nitida ko kuma Cola acuminate wadda ke da asali da Afirka (Lovejoy, 1980; Gestrich da Tawagarsa, 2021; Asogwa da Tawagarsa, 2011), ake kuma noma ta a ƙasashen Najeriya, Kamaru, Ghana, Benin, Ivory Coast, Brazil da West Indian Islands wadda a duk shekara ake noma samada tan 300,000 (Gestrich da Tawagarsa, 2021; Ugwu da Tawagarsa, 2020; Alaribe, Ejezie da Ezedinachi, 2003; Asogwa da Tawagarsa, 2011).


Goro Nau'in Nitida
Hoto:Sidagooe Global

Goro, yana kan gaba a cikin muhimman hajojin da aka kwashe shekaru ana cinikinsu a zamanin Kasuwancin Hamada na Yammacin Afirka (Lovejoy, 1980).

Rumbun Ilimi ya ƙuduri aniyar fayyace wa mai karatu yadda goro yake, alfanunsa da kuma ‘yar illar da yake da ita a cikin wannan rubutun. A yi karatu lafiya.

Tarihi

Goro, abu ne mai dogon tarihi, wadda sanin takamaiman lokacin da duniya, musamman Afirka ta Yamma ta fara noma wannan itaciya abu ne da ba a kai ga tantance shi ba kimiyyance. Sai dai, binciken kimiyyar tarihi; akiyoloji na baya-bayan nan da aka gudanar a garin Togu Missiri kusa da garin Ségou a ƙasar Mali, ya tabbatar da samuwar guntattakin itaciyar goro mai suna Cola cf Nitida a kimiyyanci da ke alamta samuwar goron a cikin jerin hajojin da aka yi hada-hadarsu tun cikin ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya zuwa ƙarni na goma sha huɗu a zamanin kasuwanci Hamada kamar yadda ya zo a Gestrich da Tawagarsa, (2021).

Shi kuwa Lovejoy (1980), cewa ya yi: "Goro, musamman ma Cola nitida, yana cikin muhimman hajoji a kasuwancin Afirka tun shekaru aru-aru da suka shuɗe...". Abin da ke tabbatar da jimawar wannan itaciya a duniya. A taƙaice dai, goro ya haura shekara dubu a duniya.


Goro Nau'in Acuminata
Hoto:Global Sources

Asali

Masana da suka haɗa da Lovejoy, (1980); Gestrich da Tawagarsa,(2021); Asogwa da Tawagarsa, (2011) da sauransu, duk sun haɗu a kan cewa, Goro ɗan Yammacin Afirka (West Africa) ne.

Suna

Goro, yana da sunaye da daman gaske da suka bambanta da bambancin harshe ko yanki. Sunansa na gama-gari a Hausance shi ne goro, a Turance Kola nut ko Kolanut, a  Yarabance obi, a Ibonci kuma oji sai kuma a kimiyyance da ake kiran wasu daga cikin nau’ukan da suka fi shahara da cola nitida, cola acuminata, cola verticillata da kuma cola anomala.

Nau’uka

Masana sun bayyana cewa, goro yana da nau’ukan da yawansu ya haura 140 a duniya (Dadzie da Tawagarsa (2013), tare da cewa, guda hamsin daga ciki duk a Afirka ake noma su (Dadzie da Tawagarsa, 2013). Nau uku huɗu daga ciki; kamar yadda ya zo a Lovejoy (1980), da suka haɗa da C. nitida, C. acuminata, C. verticillata da C. anomala, su suka fi shahara tare kuma da amfani a kasuwancin Afirka.


Goro Nau'in Verticalla
Hoto:Prota4U

Sinadarai

Lovejoy (1980), ya zayyano waɗannan sinadarai masu zuwa a matsayin sinadaran da goro yake ɗauke da su.

  1. Caffeine: Yana aiki a ɓangaren sassan isar da saƙo (central nervous system).
  2. Theobromine: Yana ƙarfafar damatsu (Muscles).
  3. Kolatin: Yana aiki a ɓangaren zuciya.
  4. Bilkodi (Glucose): Yana bai wa dukkan jiki kuzari.

Amfani

Bisa la’akari da waɗancan muhimman sinadarai guda huɗu da aka zayyano a sama, za a taras cewa, goro, yana da matuƙar amfani ga rayuwar bil’adama. Masana da dama, sun bayyana ɗimbin alfanu da goro yake da shi gwargwadon fahimta. Sprague (2018) ya ce: "A Afirka, an yi amfani da goro a matsayin kuɗi, bukukuwan addini, ko kuma ƙulla yarjejeniyar zumunta (kamar aure da sauransu)" kamar yadda aka wallafa a shafin Jami'ar California ta ƙasar Amurka.

Shi kuwa Ugwu da Tawagarsa (2020), cewa suka yi: “Kamata ya yi a ƙarfafa guiwar cin goro, kasantuwar yana da amfani wajen warkar da cututtukan da idan suka taso za a kashe maƙudan kuɗaɗe wajen warkar da su ta hanyar shan magani kamar yadda aka saba”. Kenan, a bisa wannan magana za mu fahimci cewa, cin goro yana yin rigakafin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka.

Ga kaɗan daga cikin irin cututtukan da goro yake warkarwa:

  1. Maganin ciwon kai.
  2. Maganin jiri.
  3. Ƙara ƙarfin jima’i.
  4. Ƙara ɗanɗano ga ruwa maras daɗi.
  5. Maganin tashin zuciya.
  6. Ƙarin Kuzari: Cin matsakaicin goro guda ɗaya, daidai yake da shan kofi uku na ƙaƙƙarfan kofi (string coffee) na Amurka.
  7. Taimakawa narkewar abinci.
  8. Tallafawa kewayawar jini (blood circulation).
  9. Taƙaita yaɗuwar bakteriya mai cutarwa.
  10. Rage barazanar kamuwa da cutar kansar da damuwa (prostrate cancer) ke haifarwa.


'Ya'yan da Ganyen Goro a Jikin Bishiya
Hoto:Britannica Encyclopeadia

Illa

Duk da irin ɗimbin alfanu da cin goro ke haifarwa, to kuma ba zai rasa tasgaro ba. Ugwu da Tawagarsa (2020), su ka ce: “An gano alfanu mai tarin yawa dangane da cin goro, duk kuwa da illolin da ke tattare da yin haka idan aka yawaita cinsa kuma cikin lokaci mai tsawo”. Abin nufi, ɗaukar tsawon lokaci (shekaru) ana yawaita cin goro shi ke haifar da matsala ga lafiyar bil’adama.

A wani binciken haɗin guiwa da Alaribe, Ejezie, da Ezedinachi (2003), suka gudanar, sun bayyana cewa, yawan cin goro yana haɓɓaƙa ƙwayar cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro (malaria) tare da kwaikwayon ɗabi’un zazzaɓin cizon sauron awasu lokuta.

Kenan, idan har mai cin goro zai ci kaɗan a yini, to goro zai yi masa magani, idan kuma zai riƙa gabzarsa kamar tuwo, to wani lokaci mai zuwa a gaba goron zai zamar masa illa.

Kasuwanci

Goro, tsohuwar haja ce da ke ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hajojin fataucin Hausawa zuwa yankin Kogin Volta, da ke cikin ƙasar Ghana a yanzu, yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan kasuwancin Yammacin Afirka. Lovejoy (1980), ya ce: “A cikin ƙarni na goma sha tara, ana samun dubbanmutane suna yin tafiyar sama da kilomita dubu ɗari tara zuwa Asante domin sayar da hajojinsu tare kuma da saro goro”.

Har zuwa yau ɗin nan (2021), ana jigilar goro daga Najeriya zuwa ƙasashen Asia, Australia, Tsakiyar Amurka (CentralAmerica), Kudancin Amurka (South America), Amurka ta Arewa (North America), Turai ta Gabas (Eastern Europe), Turai ta Yamma (Western Europe) Afirka ta Tsakiya, Afirka ta Arewa, da sauran sassan duniya.

Akwai wasu kasuwanni a cikin birnin Kano da ke Najeriya waɗanda cinikayyar goro kawai ake yi a cikinsu. Kasuwar Ujile, da Kasuwar Mariri sun keɓanta da sayar da wannan haja. Tare da haka kuma, kusan dukkan kasuwannin da ke Kano akan samu rumfunan da ke sayar da wannan haja.

Manazarta:


Alaribe A.A.A Ejezie G.C. da Ezedinachi E.N.U (2003). The Role of Kola Nut (Cola Nitida) in the Etiology of Malaria Morbidity, Pharmaceutical Biology, 41:6, 458-462, An ciro a 2021, daga 10.1076/phbi.41.6.458.17835

Asogwa E.U. da Tawagarsa, (2011). Kolanut Production, Processing and Marketing in the South-Eastern States of Nigeria. African Journal of Plant Science Vol. 5(10), pp. 547-551, 27 September, 2011. An ciro a 2021, daga http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPS

Dadzie M.A. da Tawagarsa (2013). Kola Nut Cultivation in Ghana, Technical Bulletin No. 26. Cocoa Researhc Institute of Ghana. Printed in the Republic of Ghana by the Cocoa Research Institutte of Ghana (CRIG), New Tafo-Akim.

Gestrich N. da Tawagarsa (2021). Evidence of an Eleventh‑Century AD Cola Nitida Trade into the Middle Niger Region. An ciro a 2021, daga https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-021-09445-7

Sprague K. (2018). The Kola Nut: West African Commodity in the Atlantic World. University of Califonia Los Angeles. An ciro a 2021, daga https://www.nhlrc.ucla.edu/asc/Article/186740

Starin D. (2013). Kola Nut: So Much More Than Just a Nut. University College London, London WC1H0BW, UK. An ciro a 2021 daga https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3842857/ 

Ugwu C. A. da Tawagarsa (2020). Health implications of kolanut production and consumption. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews. An ciro a 2021, daga https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0485


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Rumbun Ilimi   Maidarasu    Balangada    Tashar Yutub