Shafin Farko

Jagorancin Kyawawan Halaye


Gabatarwa

Kyawawan halaye, suna bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen gina kowacce al’umma. Sannan kuma suna taimakonmu wajen samun kyakkyawar rayuwa inji fitaccen masannin halayar ɗan'adam kuma falsala (Aristotle, 384 – 322 BCE), haka nan kuma taɓarɓarewar halayya na gurɓata al’umma. Ƙashin bayan  manufar Ilimi ita ce samar da managarcin mutum wanda zai bada kyakkyawar gudunmawa ga al’umarsa. Kusan dukkan wani fanni na rayuwa, kyawawan halaye kan taimaka masa. Halayya, ita ce abu mafi muhimmanci a wajen kowane mutum, fiye da komai, Barton (2016).

Saboda waɗannan dalilai, jagorancin kyawawan halaye (Moral Guidance), ya zama abu mai matuƙar muhimmanci. Sau da yawa, akan samu ɗalibai suna aikata munanan halaye da suka haɗa da ƙarya, lalata kayan makaranta, ƙazanta, da sauransu. To kenan, waɗannan ‘yan makaranta suna buƙatar a jogance su; wato a nuna musu halaye masu kyawawa ababen yabo, waɗanda za su zama fitilar da za ta haskaka kyakkyawar surarsu ta ɓoye a ganta a fili.

Manufofin Jagorancin Halaye

  1. Taimaka wa Ɗan makaranta ya fahimci banbanci tsakanin daidai da rashin daidai, sannan kuma ya yi aiki da hakan a rayuwarsa ta yau-da-kullum. Abin nufi a nan shi ne cewa, ta hanyar jagorancin halaye ne za a iya sanar da ɗan makaranta kyawawan halaye da kuma akasin su. Misali, faɗin ƙarya don kuɓuta daga laifi, sai a koya wa ɗalibi cewa, faɗin gaskiya shi ne daidai. Ta wannan hanyar za a cusa masa faɗin gaskiya a rayuwarsa ta yau-da-kullum.
  2. Taimaka wa ɗan makaranta ya fahimci muhimmancin zamowarsa mai kyawawan halaye a rayuwa.
  3. Cusa wa ɗalibai sha’awar lura da masu kyawawan halaye da kuma mutunta su a cikin al’umma.
  4. Cusa wa ɗalibai halayyar nisantar ma’abota munanan halaye da kuma gurin da suke.
  5. Cusa wa ɗalibai mutunta dokokin ƙasa da yaƙi da wariyar-launin-fata.

Kyawawan Halaye:

Karasawa (1964), ya zayyano mutunta rayuwa, ilimi, da kariya, son iyali, zamowa ɗan ƙasa nagari, yaba wa mutanen gida (mutum ya zama mai godiya ga ɗawainiyar da jama’ar gidansu suke masa) musamman iyaye, mutunta dokokin ƙasa, da sauransu a matsayin ƙunshin abubuwan da za a koya wa yara ‘yan makaranta.

Sai kuma wasu daga cikin kyawawan halaye da shafin Virtue Science (2016), ya zayyano: biyayya (obedience), rahama ko tausayi (mercy), nutsuwa (peace), Juriya (perseverance), tausayi (piety), haƙuri (patience), sauƙin kai (simplicity), haɗin kai (unity), Tabbaci (reliability), taka-tsantsan (caution), Tsafta (cleanliness), wadatar zuci (contentment), haɗin kai (cooperation), tarbiyya (discipline), yafiya (forgiveness), kyautatawa (generosity), da sauransu.
Biyayya (obedience): Ita ce yi ko aikata abin da aka nemi mutum ya aikata. Aristotle (384 – 322 BCE) ya ce, “Mugayen mutane suna biyayya ne saboda tsoro, mutanen kirki kuwa suna biyayya ne bisa yardarsu”.
Rahama ko tausayi (mercy): Rahama a nan na nufin halin sassauci ko tausayawa. Abrahma Lincon ya ce, “Na lura cewa rahama ta fi haifar da ɗa mai ido fiye da tsaurara wa wajen zartar da hukunci”.
Nutsuwa (peace): Nutsuwa a nan tana nufin kuɓutar zuciya daga damuwa (anxiety) ko ƙuncin rai (serenity). George Washington ya ce, “Babu abin da ya fi shiryawa gamuwa da maƙiya samar da nutsuwa”.
Juriya (perseverance): Juriya na nufin tsayawa ƙyam a kan abin da aka sa gaba komai wahala, rashin nasara ko kuma barazana da ake fuskanta. Walter Elliot ya ce, “Ba tsula gudu ba ne juriya, a’a, a daɗe ana gudun shi ne juriya”.
Tausayi (piety): Shi ne damuwa da mawuyacin halin da wani ke ci. Ralph Waldo ya ce, “Dukkan tunanin da basira da tausayi suka jefa cikin duniya, to sai ya canja duniyar”.
Haƙuri (patience): Shi ne damar jure wa jinkiri (delay), matsala (trouble), raɗaɗi (pain), ko wahala (hardship). St Augustin ya ce, “Haƙuri aminin hikima ne”. Mevlana Rumi kuma ya ce, “haƙuri mabuɗin farin ciki ne”.
Sauƙin kai (simplicity): Shi ne kaifi ɗaya (straightforward), rashin tsauri ko tsaurarawa. Jacob Bronowski ya ce, “Rayuwa aba ce mai sauƙi, amma mutane sun dage sai sun tsaurara ta”.
Haɗin kai (unity): A nan haɗin kai na nufin kuɓuta daga rarrabuwa ko kuma zamowa abu guda. Mahatma Ghandi ya ce, “Kafin haɗin kai ya tabbata, sai an jure wa dukkan tsanani ba tare da rabuwa ba”. Baha’ullah kuma ya ce, “Haɗin kai fitila ce mai ƙarfin hasken da za ta iya haskaka dukkan duniya”.
Tabbaci (reliability): Shi ne dogaro da yiwuwar aikata abu. Wato abin da babu kokwanto cikin faruwarsa. Misali ana iya samun tabbaci akan mutum cewa in ya ce zai aikata abu to zai yi, ke nan za a iya dogara da maganarsa. Marcus Tillius Cicero ya ce, “Yau da gobe ita ce magwajin tabbaci game da aboki”. 
Taka-tsantsan (caution): A taƙaice taka-tsantsan na nufin kula ko lura. Victor Hugo ya ce, “Taka-tsantsan shi ne ɗan hikima na farko”.
Tsafta (cleanliness): Ita ce rashin zamowa cikin datti ko ƙazanta. Christopher Morley ya ce, “tsafta ta kusanta da addini”.
Wadatar zuci (contentment): Wannan na nufin gamsuwa da abin da mutum yake da shi na dukiya, muƙami, ko yanayi. Socrates ya ce, “Wadatar zuci dukiya ce daga Allah, jin daɗi kuma mabuɗin talauci”.
Haɗin kai (corporation): A nan haɗin kai na nufin bayar da goyon baya don cimma wata buƙata ɗaya. Misali, mutane su bayar da goyon baya su haɗu su yi wani kasuwanci tare da nufin samun riba wacce kowa zai amfana. Mahatma Gandi ya ce, “Rashin haɗa kai a mummunan abu baiwa ce”.
Tarbiyya (discipline): Tarbiyya ita ce ɗabi’antuwa da kyawawan halaye, da kuma rashin wuce gona da iri. Jim Rohn ya ce, “Tarbiyya ita ce gadar da ta haɗa tsakanin buri da cimma nasara”.
Yafiya (forgiveness): Rashin jin zafin wani mutum ko wani laifi da aka yi wa mutum. Indira Gandi ta ce, “Yafiya halin jarumai ne”.
Kyautatawa (generosity): Ita ce bayar da abu ba tare da neman sakamako ba. Albert Camus ya ce, “Haƙiƙanin kyautatawa saboda gaba (rayuwa mai zuwa), ita ce sadaukar da dukkan abin da ake da shi a yanzu”.

Manazarta:


Barton J. (2016). Virtue and Character – Why Study? An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: www.virtuescience.cim/why-study-virtue.html

David S. (babu shekarar bugu). Teaching for Spiritual and Moral Guidance: It’s More Than Just Words. Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI, United States

Heston Community School (2015). Social, Moral, Spiritual and Cultural Education Guidance.

J. B. D. (1912). Vocational and Moral Guidance Through English Composition. The English Journal, Volume 1, Number 8, Cental High School, Grand Rapids, Mich.

Karasawa T. (1964). Morality from Now on Concerning the Moral Guidance Data (Dotoku Shido Shiryo). The Ministry of Education, Japan.

Virtue Science (2016). List of Virtues. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: www.virtuescience.com/virtuelist.html