Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida

Janar Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida, GCFR

Alhaji Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida

Gabatarwa

Shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida, shi ne tsohon shugaban Tarayyar Najeriya na 8, kuma tsohon sojan Najeriya mai ritaya wanda ya yi aikin soja tun daga matakin sakan laftanar har zuwa janar.

Shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida mutum ne ɗan kishin ƙasa, jarumi, mai basira, hangen nesa, sannan kuma mai fasaha da kuma ƙwazo wajen aiki, ya bada gudunmawa mai gwaɓi a fannin aikin soja tun daga kwamanda har ya zama shugaban ƙasa.

Ya bada gagarumar gudunmawa wajen kasantuwar Najeriya a matsayin ƙasa ɗaya, ta hanyar daƙile yunƙure-yunƙuren juyin mulki da dama tun kafin zamowarsa shugaban ƙasa. Shi ne sojan da ya hau kujerar shugabancin Najeriya ta hanyar juyin mulkin da ba a zubar da jini ba; mutum ne da ya baiwa Najeriya da ‘yan Najeriya gudunmawa tun daga shekarar 1964 har zuwa 1993 a matsayin Soja, sannan kuma ya ke ci gaba da bada gudunmawa ta fannoni da dama na rayuwa.

Ya kafa hukumomin da har gobe suke bada guraben ayyukan yi a Najeriya kamar irinsu hukumar kiyaye haɗɗuran kan titi (Federal Road Safety Corps), hukumar samar da ayyukan yi (National Directorate of Employment), da sauransu.

Shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida, bayan kasancewarsa soja, kuma ɗan siyasa daga baya, malamin addinin Musulunci ne wanda ya ke gudanar da fassarar alƙur’ani daga gidansa a cikin watan azumi mai albarka.

Haihuwarsa

An haifi shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta na shekarar 1941, a garin Minna ta Jahar Neja (Encylopaedia Britannica, 2010; Online-Nigeria, 2016; Wikipedia, 2016; Babangida.com, 2016; Alison, 1993; Esther, 2016).

Karatunsa

Shugaba Ibrahim badamasi Babangida ya yi karatun firamare daga shekarar 1950 zuwa 1956. Sai kwalejin gwamnati (Goɓernment College) ta garin Bidda daga shekarar 1957 zuwa 1962.

Bayan kammala kwaleji sai ya tafi makarantar horas da sojoji ta Najeriya (Nigerian Military Training College) a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 1962 zuwa ranar 20 ga watan Afirilu na shekarar 1963.

A shekarar 1964 ya samu horo a makarantar horas da sojoji ta Indiya (Indian Military Academy). Sai kuma makarantar ƙasar Ingila inda ya halarci kwas ɗin ‘Young Officer’s Course’ a ‘Royal Armoured Centre’ wanda ya kammala a watan Afirilu na shekarar 1966. Sai kuma kwas ɗin ‘Armoured Driɓing Maintenance’ a shekarar 1967 duk a Royal Armoured Centre ta ƙasar Ingila.

1970 ya samu halartar kwas ɗin ‘Company Commander’s Course’ a Warminster, Ingila daga watan Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba. 1972 ya je Armoured School ta Amurka inda ya samu horon ‘Adɓanced Armoured Officer’s Course’, kwas ɗin da ya gama a ranar 8 ga watan Yuni na shekarar 1973. Sai kuma makarantar sojoji ta Jaji, ta jahar Kaduna, inda ya samu horo na ‘Senior Officer’s Course’ a shekarar 1977. Sai shekarar 1979 inda ya halarci kwas ɗin ‘Policy and Strategic Course’ a ‘Nigerian Institute of Planning and Strategic Studies’ da ke Kurun jahar Filato a Najeriya. A shekarar 1980 inda ya samu horon ‘Senior International Defence Management’ a ƙasar Amurka.

Muƙamai

Shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida soja ne da ya fara daga muƙamin sakan lutenant har ya kai muƙamin janar.

Sakan lutenant (Second Lieutenant) 20 ga Afirilu, 1963.
Lutenant (Lieutenant) 1966.
Kyaftin (Captain) watan Agusta, 1968.
>Manjo (Major) Afirilu, 1970.
Laftanar Kanal (Lieutenant Colonel) 1974.
Birgediya (Brigadier) 1979.
Manjo Janar (Major General) 1 ga Mayu, 1983.
Janar (General) 1 ga Oktoba, 1987.

Gogayyar Aiki

Kwamanda (Commanding Officer) na ‘1st Reconnaissance Sƙuadron’ 1964 zuwa 1966.
Kwamandan rundunar soja ta 44 (Commander 44 Infatry) Yuni, 1968.
Kwamandan rundunar soja ta 44 (Commander 44 Infatry) Yuni, 1970.
Malami kuma kwamanda na makarantar tsaro ta Najeriya (Instructor and Company Commander, Nigerian Defence Academy) 1970 zuwa 1972.
Insifecta kuma Kwamandan Rundunar Mayaƙan Tanka (Inspector and Commander Nigerian Armoured Corps) 1975 da kuma 1977 zuwa 1979.
Mamba na Majalisar Ƙoli ta Soja (Member Supreme Military Council) 1 ga Agusta 1975 zuwa Oktoba 1979.
Daraktan jami’an sojoji (Director Army Staff Duties and Plans) 5 ga Janairu, 1981.
Shugaban Rundunar Sojojin Ƙasan Najeriya (Chief of Army Staff) 31 ga Disamba 1983.
Ciyaman na Majalisar Shugabanci ta Soji (Chairman Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC)).
Shugaban Ƙasar Najeriya 27 ga Agusta na shekarar 1985 zuwa 27 ga Agusta na shekarar 1993.

Zamowarsa Shugaban Ƙasa

Janar Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida

Shugaba Ibrahim Babadamasi Babangida ya zama shugaban Najeriya ne a shekarar 1985 bayan da ya ƙwaci mulki daga hannun Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari. Ya yi wannan juyin mulki ne da nufin farfaɗo da ‘yancin ɗan’adam da ake takewa da kuma sake farfaɗo da tattalin arziƙin ƙasa wanda ya shiga mayuwacin hali, kamar yadda ya zo a (Ajaegbu, Matthew-Daniel, da Uya, 2000; Olawale, 2014).

Gudunmawar Gwamnatinsa

Marubuta da dama, (Nwabugo, 2011; Abdullahi, Hussain da Abdullahi, 2012; Alison, 1993; Babangida.com, 2016; Pate, 2013), sun yi rubuce-rubuce masu tarin yawa dangane da nagarta da kyawawan manufofi da kuma gudunmawa mai gwaɓi da wannan gwamnati ta shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ta bayar a zamanin mulkinta duk da irin matsaloli ta ci karo da su musamman a ƙarshen mulkinta. Alison (1993), ta bayyana cewa shirin gwamnatin shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya nuna cewa gwamnatin ta yi ƙoƙarin da dukkan gwamnatocin da suka gabace ta basu yi ba dangane da haɓɓaka tattalin arziƙin Najeriya, inda ta bayyana cewa tabbas ɗaiɗaikun mutane sun fuskanci rashin kuɗi amma tattalin arziƙin ƙasar ya ci gaba. Kaɗan daga cikin irin waɗannan gudunmawowi akwai:

1. Shigo da jama’a harkokin mulki: duk da kasancewar gwamnatin shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ta soja; wacce ake yiwa kallon kama-karya, ta tuntuɓi jama’ar Najeriya dangane da ra’ayinsu kan karɓar lamani daga asusun bada lamani na duniya (IMF) wanda aka fara tattaunawa tun gwamnatin farar hula ta shugaba Shehu Shagari, sannan kuma gwamnatin soja ta shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ta ɗora.

A nan, waɗanda basu yarda da karɓo bashin ba su suka fi rinjaye, saboda haka sai shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya janye maganar.

2. Fito da tsarin ‘Structural Adjustment Programme’, wato SAP a taƙaice. Nuna rashin amincewar ‘yan Najeriya kan karɓo waccan bashi, sai shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya fito da wannan shiri, dan ingantawa tare kuma da haɓɓaka tattalin arziƙin Najeriya. Wannan tsari na SAP, yana da manufofin da suka haɗa da:

Rage yawan kuɗaɗen da gwamnati ke kashewa wajen bayar da tallafi kan albarkatun mai.
Samar da hanyoyin dogaro da kai; wato ya zama ita ƙasar ta dogara da kanta ta fuskanci samar da wasu abubuwa na more rayuwa saɓanin dogaro da wasu ƙasashen ƙetare.
Toshe giɓin da ake samu a kasafin kuɗin Najeriya.
Rage dogaro da shigo da kayayyaki da kuma albarkatun mai a matsayin babbar hanyar samun kuɗaɗen shiga.
Haɓɓaka nagartar masana’antu masu zaman kansu dan su zama masu samar da ci gaba.
Inganta harkokin masana’antun gwamnati ta hanyar sayar da kadarorin gwamnati dan su koma masu zaman kansu, wanda wannan shi ne ya kafa tubalin sayar da kamfanin sadarwa na Najeriya (NITEL) wanda yanzu ya zama kafa ta samun kuɗaɗen shiga da kuma samun kafofin sadarwa da dama ta hanyar baiwa kamfanonin sadarwa irinsu MTN, glo, da sauransu damar zuba jarinsu kamar yadda ake iya gani.

3. Ƙiroƙiro sababbin jahohi guda goma sha ɗaya: Babbar manufar wannan shiri ita ce kusanta gwamnati da jama’a da kuma kusantar da jama’a ga gwamnati da kuma uwa-uba samar da guraben ayyukan yi.

4. Kafa Hukumar Haɓɓaka Aikin Gona da Albarkatun Ƙasa (Nigerian Agricultural and Land Deɓelopment Authority (NALDA)), ƙarƙashin wannan hukuma aka ƙirƙiri hukumomi masu yawa a faɗin tarayyar Najeriya waɗanda suke kula da inganta harkokin noman rani ta hanyar samarwa tare kuma da kula da fadamu.

5. Kafa Hukumar Inganta Rayuwar Matan Karkara (Better Life for Rural Women).

6. Hukumar Wayar da Kan Jama’a Game da Farfaɗo da Tattalin Arziƙi, Dogaro da Kai, da Kuma Adalci (Mass Mobilisation for Economic Recoɓery, Self-Reliance and Social Justice (MAMSER)) a watan Agusta na shekarar 1987.

7. Kafa Kwamitin Sabunta Tsarin Mulki (Constitution Reɓiew Committee) Satumba 1987.

8. Kafa Hukumar Zaɓe (National Electoral Commission (NEC)), Disamba 1987.

9. Dawo da babban birnin tarayya zuwa Abuja a shekarar 1991.

10. Kafa Hukumar DEFFRI, hukumar da ke kula da harkar abinci, gina hanyoyi da kuma sauran kayan more rayuwa a yankunan karkara.

11. Hukumar Samar da Ayyukan yi (National Directorate for Employment (NDE)); hukuma ce da ta riƙa koyar da sana’o’i ga ‘yan Najeriya dan a samu ayyukan yi. Wannan hukuma tana da cibiyoyi da makarantu da har ta kai ga akwai motoci masu tsarin makaranta da suke shiga ƙauyuka dan koyar da sana’o’i.

12. Hukumar Kiyaye Haɗɗuran Kan Titi (Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC)), tabbas wannan hukuma tana bayar da gudunmawa ta fuskokin da suka haɗa da samar da ayyukan yi, tara kuɗaɗen shiga ga gwamnati, rage afkuwar haɗɗura ta hanyar tuƙin ganganci, ɗaukar majinyatan haɗari zuwa asibitoci, da sauransu.

13. Bankin Al’umma (Peoples Bank), banki ne da aka kafa shi da nufin taimakawa ƙananan ‘yankasuwa su samu rance ba tare da sun bayar da fansa ba. Wannan banki yanzu babu shi.

14. Bankin Kwamuniti (Community Bank).

15. Inganta Albashin Ma’aikata.

16. Ɗaukaka darajar Najeriya daga matsayin mai saka ido ya zuwa cikakkiyar mamba a Zauren Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Musulmi (Member Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), a watan Janairu na shekarar 1986.

17. Kafa Kwamatin Kula da Miƙa Mulki ga Hannun Farar Hula.

18. Ya ƙirƙiri jama’iyyun siyasa guda biyu waɗanda aka yiwa sakatariyoyi a dukkan jahohi da ƙanan hukumomin Najeriya na lokacin; gine-ginen da aka riƙa maida wasunsu makarantu, asibitoci, da sauran ma’aikatun gwamnati a halin yanzu.

19. Kyautata Dangantakar Najeriya da Ƙasashen Waje: Gwamnatin shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ta inganta dangantakar Najeriya da ƙasashen waje kamar haka:

Farfaɗo da dangantaka tsakanin Najeriya da Ingila: A watan Janairun 1986, shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya gyara dangantakar Najeriya da ƙasar Birtaniya bayan da ta taɓarɓare a lokacin gwamnatin da ta gabace ta.
Gwamnatin shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ta bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen wanzar da zaman lafiya a wasu daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka ta yamma, ta hanyar amfani da rundunar sojin haɗin-guiwa (ECOMOG), musamman a ƙasashe irin su Laberiya (Liberia).
Buɗe Boda: A ranar 28 ga watan Fabarairu na shekarar 1986, an buɗe bodidin Najeriya da gwamnatin da ta gabace ta ta rufe.
Shirin Bayar da Tallafin Fasaha (Technical Aid Corp Scheme): Shiri ne da ake tura matasan Najeriya dan bada gdunmawa a wata ƙasa mabuƙaciya a cikin nahiyar Afirka da yankin Karebiya. Tabbas wannan shiri ya samar da guraben ayyukan yi ga ɗimbin ‘yan Najeriya a ƙasashen waje. Ƙarƙashin wannan shirin matasan da suka samu horo a fannonin kimiyya, fasaha, lafiya, shari’a (science, technology, engineering, law, e.t.c) da sauranu, su ake turawa waɗannan ƙasashe mabuƙata dan bayar da gudunmawa ta tsawon shekaru biyu.

Barinsa Kujerar Shugabancin Najeriya

Bayan soke zaɓen ranar 12 ga watan Yuni na shekarar 1993 da gwamnatin shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ta yi, abubuwa sun cukurkuɗe ta yadda har sai da ta kai shi barin wannan kujera ta shugabancin Najeriya a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta na shekarar 1993, inda ya miƙa mulki a hannun gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya wacce (babangida.com, 2016; Online-Nigeria, 2016; ). Kenan, shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya jagoranci Najeriya tsawon shekaru 8 cif-cif, inda ya hau a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta na 1985, ya kuma sauka a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta na shekarar 1993, shekaru 8 kenan cif-cif, da daɗi ba ragi.

Siyarsa

Shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ɗan siyasa ne wanda ya ke mamba a jama’iyyar PDP. Ya yi yunƙurin tsayawa takarar kujerar shugabancin Najeriya a wannan jama’iyya inda ya yanki fom ɗin tsayawa takara a ranar 8 ga watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2006 dan tsayawa takarar 2007, amma daga baya ya janye saboda fitowar marigari Umaru Musa ‘Yar’aduwa da kuma janar Aliyu Gusau (Wikipedia, 2016).

Sannan kuma ya sake yunƙurin tsayawa takarar a shekarar 2011, inda ya fara da ƙaddamar da shafin Intanet domin kamfen ɗinsa. Shima daga baya ya janye saboda ƙoƙarin raɓa aukuwar fashewar bom a Abuja da ake yi da shi (Wikipedia, 2016).

Iyali

Shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya auri marigayiya Maryam a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba na shekarar 1969, sun haifi ‘ya’ya huɗu; biyu maza (Muhammad da Aminu), biyu kuma mata (A’isha da Halima).

Kyaututtukan Yabo da Girmamawa

Shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya karɓi kyaututtukan yabo da girmamawa a ciki da wajen Najeriya masu tarin yawa. Daga ciki akwai:

Lambar yabo ta CFR – Commander of Federa Reupblic of Ngeria.
Lambar yabo ta DSM – Defence Serɓice Medal.
Lambar yabo ta NSM – National Serɓice Medal.
Lambar yabo ta RSM – Royal Serɓice Medal.
Lambar yabo ta GSM – General Serɓice Medal.
Lambar yabo ta GCFR – Grand Commander of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Manazarta:

Abdullahi H., Abdullahi Y.Z., da Hussaini S.M. (2012). The Nigerian Army and National Development Since The Ciɓil War. JORIND 10 (3), December, 2012. ISSN 1596 - 8308. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: www.ajol.info/journals/jorind.

Alison S. (1993). Ibrahim Babangida 1941– Nigerian president and military officer. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2870600010.html

Encyclopædia Britannica. (2010). Babangida, Ibrahim. Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago.

Esther C. (2016). Ibrahim Babangida Net Worth and Biography. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: https://constative.com/celebrity/ibrahim-babangida-net-worth-and-biography

Ajaegbu H.I., ST. Matthew-Daniel B.J., and Uya O.E. (2000). Nigeria A people United, A Feature Assured Volume 1, A Compendium, Millenium Edition. Gabumo Publishing Company Limited, Nigeria.

Nwabugo N. E. (2011). The Story of Structural Adjustment Programme in Nigeria from the Perspectiɓe of the Organized Labour. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research Vol.1 No.7 [30-41], October-2011.

Olawale S. B. (2014). The Prelude to Babangida Regime’s Foreign Policy Initiatiɓes. Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, Olabisi Onabanjo Uniɓersity, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, Vol 5, No 3, March 2014, MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy.

Online-Nigeria (2016). General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://www.onlinenigeria.com/babangida.asp

Professor Pate. (2013). Ibrahim Babangida: The Military, Politics, and Power in Nigeria. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/book-review/15015-ibrahim-babangida-the-military-politics-and-power-in-nigeria

Koma Babban Shafin Tarihi

Babban Shafin Nijeriya

Tarihin Najeriya

Alamomi da Tambari