Me ka ke nema?

Shafin Farko

Rundunar 'Yansandan Nijeriya


Tambarin Rundunar 'Yansanda

Gabatarwa

Rundunar ‘Yansandan Najeriya ita ce runduna mafi tasiri da kuma ƙarfin faɗa-a-ji a fannin tabbatar da doka-da-oda a Najeriya. Dukkan harkokin tsaron cikin gida kacokaf, ya rataya a wuyan wannan ruduna. Ayyukan jami’an gidan yari (Prison Warder); jami’an shigi-da-fici (Immigration); jami’an hana fasa-ƙwauri (Customs); jami’an hana sha da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi (NDLEA); jami’an rundunar tsaron jama’a (NCDS) da sauran su, dukkanninsu ayyukan su ba za su kammalu ba sai da saka hannun rundunar ‘yansanda.

Suna da damar gudanar da dukkanin wasu ayyuka da suka shafi tsaro ta fuskar soji a ciki da wajen Najeriya idan aka buƙace su da yin hakan.

Babban sufeto (Inspector General) shi ne babban jami’inta na ƙarshe. Wanda yake sama da kowa ta fuskacin muƙami da kuma albashi a wannan runduna. Ma’aikatun da suka haɗa da Hukumar ‘Yasanda (Police Commission); Majalisar ‘Yansanda (Police Council); Ma’aikar Harkokin ‘Yansanda (Ministry of Police Affairs), su ne hukumomin da ke da ruwa-da-tsaki wajen gudanar da baki ɗayan harkokin ‘yansanda a Najeriya.

Amma duk da irin wannan ƙarfin faɗa-a-ji da rundunar ‘yansandan Najeriya take da shi a harkar tsaron Najeriya, tana kuma da iyakoki wajen gudanar da ayyukan nata.

Manufar wannan rubutu ita ce wayar da kan jama’a; musamman ‘Yan Najeriya game da harkokin ‘yansanda domin su san irin tasiri da kuma muhimmancin da wannan runduna take da su a fannin tsaron Najeriya da kuma irin faɗin hurumin da wannan runduna take da shi.


Babban Sufeton 'Yansandan Najeriya
IGP Muhammad A. Adamu NPM, mni
Hoto: Shafin Rundunar 'Yansandan Najeriya

Tarihi

Tun daga farkon kafa tubalin mulkin Turawan Mulkin-Mallaka a shekarar 1861; wato shekarar da suka ƙwace Lagos, zuwa shekarar 1930, an samu kafuwar rundunonin ‘yansanda mabambanta a kuma matakai daban-daban. Waɗanda suka haɗa da ‘yansanda da aka kafa a Lagos, ‘Yansandan Yankin Kogin Neja da kuma ‘Yansandan Yankunan Kudanci da Arewaci. Haka nan kuma an kafa rundunonin ‘Yansandan Hukumar Gargajiya musamman daga shekarar 1916 zuwa 1930 kamar yadda za mu gani daki-daki a nan gaba.

1861: Rundunar Tsaron Jami’in Ingila

Obaro (2014), ya bayyana cewa, daga zamansa a kan kujerar wakilcin Ingila a matsayin jami’in Mulkin-Mallaka (British Consul) a shekarar 1861, McCaskey ya kafa rundunar tsaro mai suna Consular Guards a Turance a bisa tanadin dokar ‘yansanda ta shekarar 1861 (Police Act, 1861). Okereke (2012), ya ce adadin su talatin ne cif, sannan kuma a Lagos aka kafa su.

Saboda haka, a ra’ayin Obaro (2014), wannan runduna ta Tsaron Jami’in Birtaniya a Lagos, ita ce tushe ko kuma tubalin kafa Rundunar ‘Yansandan Najeriya da ake gani a yau. Manufar kafa rundunar kuma ita ce tabbatar da doka-da-oda.

1863: Rundunar Tsaron Hausawa

Obaro (2014) ya bayyana cewa, waccar runduna ta tsaron jam’in Birtaniya mai mambobi 30 an canja mata suna zuwa Rundunar Tsaron Hausawa wadda aka yi wa suna Hausa Guards a Turance. Wannan kuma saboda kasantuwar waɗanda aka ɗauka aikin Hausawa ne. An kafa wannan runduna a shekarar 1863 (Okereke, 2012).

1879: Rundunar ‘Yandan Hausa

Daga baya a cikin shekarar 1879, aka kafa Rudunar ‘Yansanda Hausa wadda aka yi wa suna da Hausa Kwanstabulari (Hausa Constabulary), bisa tanadin dokar da ta bayar da damar yin hakan (Obaro, 2014). Ya kuma ƙara da cewa, sufeto-janar ne ya jagoranci rundunar wadda zallar Hausawa ne ‘ya’yanta. Okereke (2012), ya ce, “yawan jami’an wannan runduna sun kai 1200”.

Sai dai, Onyeozili (2005) da Wikipedia (2019) sun bayyana cewa, wannan Runduna ta ‘Yansanda Hausa; wato Hausa Constabulary a Turance, ita ce rundunar ‘yansanda ta farko da aka fara kafawa a Lagos a cikin shekarar 1861 wadda Gwamnan Lagos, McCaskey ya samu zarafin kafawa. Wanda shi ne ya shirya sannan kuma ya ɗauki mutane 30 cif.

Yanayin ɗabi’u da halayen rudunar ya yi kama da aikin soja duk da cewa tana gudanar da wasu ayyukan da suka shafi na ‘yansanda (Obaro, 2014; Onyeozili, 2005; Wikipedia, 2019).

1895: Rundunar ‘Yansandan Lagos

Rundunar ‘Yansanda Lagos; wato Lagos Police a Turance, magajiya ce ta Rundunar ‘Yansandan Hausa; wato Hausa Kwanstabulari. An kafa wannan runduna a shekarar 1895. Wannan kuma ya biyo bayan dokar da aka yi a ranar 27 ga wantan Disamba na shekarar 1895 ɗin wadda ta samar da Rundunar ‘Yansandan Lagos (Onyeozili, 2005). Sai dai, Obaro (2014), ya ce a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1896 aka kafa wannan runduna.

Wannan sabuwar runduna, runduna ce mai zaman kanta kamar yadda doka mai lamba 10 ta shekarar 1895 ta ranar 27 ga watan Disamba (Lagos Police Ordinance No 10 of 1895 dated 27th December) ta tanada. Rundunar ta ƙunshi kwamashinan ‘yansanda guda ɗaya; mataimakan kwamashinan ‘yansanda guda biyu; sifirtanda guda ɗaya; mataimakin sifirtanda guda ɗaya; fe-kwata-masta (Pay-and Quartermaster) guda ɗaya; samanja (Sargent-Major) guda ɗaya; saja-saja (Sergeants) guda takwas; kurata 50 (First-class private) da kuma tela guda ɗaya.

Bayan samuwar wannan ruduna kuma, sai aka narkar da waccar Rudunar ‘Yansanda Hausa cikin Rundunar Mayaƙan Afirka ta Yamma mai suna West African Frontiers Force (WAFF) a Turance wadda ita kuma rundunar mayaƙa ce zalla. Wannan dalilin shi ya mayar da Rundunar ‘Yansandan Lagos tilo kamar yadda Onyeozili (2005) ya labarta.

1896: Rundunar Mayaƙa

Obaro (2014) ya bayyana cewa, dukkan waɗancan kafe-kafe da sauye-sauyen rundunonin ‘yansanda sun gudana ne a Lagos; wato daga 1861 inda aka kafa Rudunar Tsaron Jami’in Ingila har zuwa 1895/96 da aka tabbatar da ita a matsayin Rudunar ‘Yansandan Lagos.

A tare da wannan kuma ta ɗaya gefen akwai yunƙurin kafa Yankin Koguna Masu Arziƙin Mai, wato Oil Rivers Protectorate a Turance da Turawan Mulkin-Mallaka suke yi wanda suka shelanta a shekarar 1891, shi ma an kafa masa tasa Rundunar Tsaron mai suna Armed Constabulary (Obaro, 2014).

Wannan yanki kuma shi ne ya ƙunshi jahohin Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo da Rivers a lokacin, waɗanda a yau suke cikin yankin Kudu-Maso-Kudu (South-South).

1893: Rundunar ‘Yansanda Neja

A cikin shekarar 1893 (Obaro, 2014), ko kuma shekarar 1894 (Okereke, 2012), aka kafa Rundunar ‘Yansandan Neja, mai suna Niger Constabulary a Turance wadda ta kula da gaɓar Kogin Neja wato Niger Cost a Turance biyowa bayan kafa Yanki Koguna Masu Arziƙin Mai, wato Oil Rivers Protectorate a Turance wadda aka shelanta da Niger Coast mai helikwata a Calabar.

Rundunar ‘Yansadan Kamfanin Alfarma na Neja

A ta wani ɓangare kuma tare da dukkan waɗancan abubuwa da suke gudana a waɗancan yankuna, akwai Rundunar ‘Yansandan Kamfanin Alfarma na Neja, wadda aka kafa ta a shekarar 1888. Sunan wannan runduna a Turance shi ne Royal Niger Constabulary wadda ƙa’idar yarjejeniyar kamfanin da Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta bai wa damar kafawa a shekarar 1886 (Obaro, 2014; Okereke, 2012) ta kafa.

Obaro (2014), ya bayyana cewa wannan runduna ta bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen yaƙuƙuwan da Turawan Mulkin-Mallaka suka yi da masarautun Bidda da Ilori.

1900/1906: ‘Yansandan Gwamnatocin Yankuna

A shekarar 1900 zuwa 1930, an yi ‘yansandan yankuna (Protectorate Police); ‘yansandan yankunan Kudanci da na Arewaci (Northern and Southern Police Force). Waɗanda Turawan Mulkin-Mallaka suka kafa bayan shelanta kafuwar Yankin Arewa mai helikwata a Lokoja a cikin shekarar 1900.

Obaro (2014), ya bayyana cewa, an fasa Rundunar ‘Yansandan Kamfanin Alfarma na Neja (Royal Niger Constabulary) zuwa gida biyu; Rundunar ‘Yansandan Yankin Arewa (Northern Nigeria Police Force) da kuma Rundunar Mayaƙan Yankin Arewa (Northern Nigeria Regiment), biyowa bayan shelanta Yankin Arewa da aka yi a shekarar 1900 da kuma karɓar ragamar gudanar da yankin da Gwamna Lugga ya yi daga hannun Kamfanin Alfarma na Neja.

Sai kuma Rundunar ‘Yansanda Yankin Kudanci wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1906. Rundunar ‘Yansandan Lagos, ita aka rikiɗar zuwa Rundunar ‘Yansandan Kudanci tare da ƙarin wasu jami’ai kaɗan daga Rundunar ‘Yansanda Gaɓar Kogin Neja. Kaso mafi rinjaye na Rundunar ‘Yansanda Gaɓar Kogin Neja kuma aka rikiɗar da su zuwa Rundunar Mayaƙan Kudanci (Obaro, 2014).

Waɗannan rundunoni na ‘yansanda su suka riƙa kula da waɗannan yankuna guda biyu da kuma jahar Lagos, kowane yana kula da iya nasa yankin, wato babu damar wani ya tsallaka wani yankin domin gudanar da aiki.

1916: ‘Yansandan Gargajiya

‘Yansandan Gargajiya su ne ake kira Native Police a Turance. Dokar da aka kafa a 1916, sannan kuma aka faɗaɗa ta a 1924, ita ce dokar da ta bai wa sarakunan Gargajiya na yankunan Arewaci da kuma Yammaci damar ɗaukar ‘yansandansu na ƙashin kansu kasantuwar Turawa sun same su da  tsarin shugabanci na bai-ɗaya.

Dokar Hukamar Gargajiya mai lamba 4 ta shekarar 1916 (Native Authority Ordinance No. 4 of 1916), ita ta ɗorawa Hukumar Gargajiya ɗawainiyar kula da doka-da-oda a yankunansu. A ƙarƙashin wannan doka aka basu damar kare aikata laifuka da tsare dukkan wanda ya aikata laifin ta hanyar ɗaukar duk waɗanda suka ga ya dace su taimaka musu wajen aiwatar da wannan aikin.  Ikon su na kare doka an ƙarfafe shi da Dokar Kariya mai lamba 15 ta shekarar 1924 (Protectorate Laws Ordinance No. 15 of 1924).

Bisa samun wannan dama sai sarakunan Arewaci suka mayar da dogarawansu zuwa ‘yandoka (‘Yansanda), su ma sarakunan ‘Yankin Yammaci suka mayar da ‘yan aiken su wato akodas da harshen Yarabanci, zuwa olopas kalmar da za ka iya fassara ta da ‘yandoka. Waɗannan su ne ‘yansandan Hukumar Gargajiya.

1930: Rundunar ‘Yansandan Najeriya

A cikin shekarar 1930, Turawan Mulkin-Mallaka suka haɗe rundunonin ‘yansandan yankuna; Rundunar ‘Yansandan Arewaci da ta Kudanci zuwa runduna guda ɗaya wadda aka yi wa suna da Nigerian Police Force a Turance ake kuma fassara ta da Rundunar ‘Yansandan Najeriya.

Wannan sabuwar runduna ta ‘yansanda, ta samu cikakkiyar damar gudanar da ayyukanta a duk faɗin Tarayyar Najeriya ba tare da ƙaidi ba.

Rushe ‘Yansandan Gargajiya

Tun kafuwar su a shekarar 1916 kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ‘Yansandan Gargajiya suke aiki tare da ‘Yansandan Yankuna a matakin farko daga baya kuma da Rundunar ‘Yansandan Najeriya har zuwa shekarar 1966, shekarar da aka rushe su.

Shugaban mulkin soja na Najeriya, Augiyi Ironsi, shi ne ya dasa tubalin narkar da rundunonin ‘Yansandan Gargajiya bayan ya hamɓarar da gwamnatin farar hula ta lokacin tare kuma da kashe wasu jami’anta ciki kuma har da firimiyan Najeriya; Sir Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa da kuma firimiyan Arewa, Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardauna.

Ironsi ya kafa kwamati ne wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da sunan shugaban kwamatin wato Kwamatin Gobir, wanda shi kuma ya duba buƙatar ci gaba da barin ‘Yansandan Gargajiyar ko kuma akasin haka wanda daga ƙarshe ya kammala nazarinsa tare da miƙa buƙatar rushe ‘Yansandan na Gargajiya ga sabon shugaban gwamnatin sojan Najeriya, wato Janar Yakubu Gowon. Daga cikin muhimman dalilan da kwamatin ya bayar akwai cewa su ‘Yansandan na Gargajiya basu samu horon da ya dace ba kamar yadda takwarorin su na yankuna suka samu; an yi amfani da su wajen musgunawa talaka daga gefen sarakuna; yan siyasa sun yi amfani da su wajen cin zarafin ‘yan hammayar su da sauran su.

1999: Kafa Sabuwar Rudunar ‘Yansandan Najeriya

Sabon Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya na shekarar 1999, shi ne ya kafa sabuwar Rundunar ‘Yansandan Najeriya ta zamani kuma ƙwaya ɗaya tilo da cewa:

Babi na VI, kashi na III, babbar doka mai lamba 214, ƙaramar doka mai lamba (1) ta Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya ita ta kafa Rundunar ‘Yansandan Najeriya sannan kuma ta yi mata suna da Nigerian Police Force a Turance kuma abar taƙaitawa da NPF. Sannan kuma ya jaddada cewa: “Babu wata rundunar ‘yansanda da za a kafa a Tarayyar Najeriya ko a wani ɓangare nata” in banda wannan ƙwaya ɗaya rak.

Shugabancin Rundunar ‘Yansanda

Sashe na 215 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya na shekarar 1999, ƙaramin sashe na uku ya bayyana cewa: Rundunar ‘Yansandan Najeriya tana ƙarƙashin sufeto Janar na ‘Yansanda sannan kuma kowane reshe da aka kafa a kowace ɗaya daga cikin jahohin Najeriya zai kasance ƙarƙashin Kwamashinan ‘Yansanda.

Saboda haka, tsarin shugabancin Rundunar ‘Yansandan Najeriya ya kasance hawa uku bisa la’akari da matakan Gwamnatin Tarayyar Jamhuriyar Najeriya mai hawa uku; Gwamnatin Tarayya, Gwamnatin Jaha da kuma Ƙaramar Hukuma kamar haka:

  1. Sufeto Janar: Shi ne babban shugaban Rundunar ‘Yansanda ta Tarayya. Guda ɗaya ne rak ake da shi a duk faɗin Tarayyar Najeriya.
  2. Kwamashina: Shi ne shugaban Rundunar ‘Yansanda a matakin Jaha. A kowace jaha akwai guda ɗaya.
  3. Jami’in ‘Yansanda Gunduma: Shi ake kira Divisional Police Officer, wanda ake taƙaitawa da DPO a Turance. Shi ne babban jami’in ‘yansanda na ƙaramar hukuma.

Naɗa Shugabannin ‘Yansanda

A babi na VI, sashe na III, babbar doka mai lamba 215, tanadin ƙaramar doka (1) ya bayyana cewa:

  1. Shugaban ƙasa ne zai naɗa babban sufeton ‘yansanda bisa shawarar Majalisar ‘Yansanda, tare da sharaɗin cewa, dole ya zamo ɗaya daga cikin ‘ya’yan rudunar; wato dole ya zama ɗansanda kafin a naɗa shi.
  2. Hukumar Ɗaukar ‘Yansanda ce za ta naɗa kwamashinan ‘yansanda na kowace Jihar Tarayyar Najeriya.

Muhimman Ayyukan Rundunar ‘Yansanda

Sashe na huɗu na Kundin Dokokin ‘Yansandan Najeriya (Section 4 of the Police Act) ya zayyana waɗannan ayyuka a matsayin manyan ayyukan Rundunar ‘Yansandan Najeriya:

  1. Toshewa tare kuma da zaƙulo manya da ƙanan laifuka.
  2. Tsare waɗanda suka aikata laifuka.
  3. Kare doka-da-oda.
  4. Kare dukiya da rayuka.
  5. Tilasta aiwatar da dokar da aka caji masu laifi da ita; wato ‘yansanda su suke da alhakin tabbatar da cewa duk wanda doka ta kallafawa wani abu ya aiwatar da wannan abin da dokar ta nema daga gare shi.
  6. Gudanar da ayyukan soji a ciki ko kuma a wajen Najeriya idan aka buƙace su da yin hakan.

Sunayen Sufeto Janar na ‘Yansanda daga 1964 zuwa 2019

Shafin Nigerian Infopedia (2019) ya wallafa waɗannan sunaye a matsayin jerin sunayen Sufeto-Sufeto-Janar na ‘Yansandan Najeriya daga 1964 zuwa 2019:

  1. Louis Edet (1964 – 1966)
  2. Kam Salem (1966 – 1974)
  3. Muhammadu Dikko Yusufu (1975 – 1979)
  4. Adamu Suleiman (1979 – 1981)
  5. Sunday Adewusi (1981 – 1983)
  6. Etim Inyang (1985 – 1986)
  7. Muhammadu Gambo Jimeta (1986 – 1990)
  8. Aliyu Attah (1990 – 1993)
  9. Ibrahim Coomassie (1993 – 1999)
  10. Musiliu Smith (1999 – 2002)
  11. Mustafa Adebayo Balogun (2002 – 2005)
  12. Sunday Ehindero (2005 – 2007)
  13. Mike Mbama Okiro (2007 – 2009)
  14. Ogbonna Okechukwu Onovo (2009 – 2010)
  15. Hafiz Ringim (2010 – 2012)
  16. Mohammed Dikko Abubakar (2012 – 2014)
  17. Suleiman Abba (2014 – 2015)
  18. Solomon Arase (2015-2016)
  19. Ibrahim Idris Kpotum (2016-2019)
  20. Adamu Mohammed (Mai ci)

Latsa nanka shiga shafin Rundunar 'Yansandan Najeriya kai tsaye.

Manazarta

Daniel F. A. (Babu shekarar bugu) A Historical Survey of Amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Police Departments of Nigeria in 1930. Department of History and International Studies, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. European Scientific Journal August edition Vol. 8, No.18 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431.

Nigerian Infopedia (2019). Here is a list of all Past IGP’s from 1964 till date. An ciro daga shafin: https://www.nigerianinfopedia.com/full-list-inspector-general-police-nigeria/ a shekarar 2019.

Obaro O. A. (2014). The Nigeria Police Force and the Crisis of Legitimacy: Re-defining the Structure and Function of the Nigeria Police. Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. European Scientific Journal March 2014 edition Vol.10, No.8 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431

Okereke B. B. (2012). The Role of Nigeria Police Force in the Administration of Justice: Issues and Challenges Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, An ciro daga shafin: http://www.kubanni.abu.edu.ng/jspui/bistream, a shekarar 2019

Onyeozili E. C. (2015). Obstacles to Effective Policing in Nigeria. Department of Criminal Justice University of Maryland Eastern Shore. African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies, Vol.1 No.1: April, 2005. An ciro daga shafin: https://www.umes.edu/cms300uploadedfiles/ajcjs/acja vol1no1onyeozili.pdf a shekarar 2019

Wikipedia (2019). Nigerian Police Force. An ciro daga shafin: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Police_Force.html, a shekarar 2019

Koma Babban Shafin Tarihi
Babban Shafin Nijeriya

Tarihin Najeriya

Alamomi da Tambari

Shugabannin Ƙasa

Tura wannan shafi zuwa ga abokai ta:

Share

Latsa madannin "Like" ka nuna goyon baya ko kuma "Share" ka yaɗa shafin

Sauran Shafukanmu:

Rumbun Ilimi   Maidarasu    Balangada    Tashar Yutub