Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (Nigeria)

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Shafin Farko

Sir Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa, KBE



Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa

Gabatarwa

Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa, mutum ne mai haƙuri, ladabi da biyayya, son haɗin kai tare kuma da cikakken kishin ƙasa wanda ya yi faɗa da zalunci. Marubucin Tarihin Ɗanmasanin Kano,Abubakar (2011), ya ruwaito wani bayanin sirri da Turawan Mulkin Mallaka suka yi a taskar takardun Malam Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa mai lamba File No 34863/52 a ranar 17 ga watan Fabarairun shekarar 1948 da cewa:

M. Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa ya zama hatsari ga sarakai da kuma dattawa, kuma abokan aikinsa na Makarantar Midil basa girmama shi. Ta bayyana cewa baya iya yin jayayya da su…

Wanda kuma wannan magana da Turawa suka rubuta game da Malam Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa ba komai ba ce illa ƙazafi domin su ɓata masa suna tare kuma da samun kafar sallamarsa daga aiki.

Abubakar (2011), ya ci gaba da cewa, wannan ya ci karo da gaskiya, musamman idan muka duba jawabin marubucin littafin tarihin Malam Aminu Kano, Alan Feinstein wanda ya faɗi wannan maganar game da Malam Abubabakar Tafawa Ɓalewa kuma a daidai lokacin da Turawan suka yi waccar maganar ta sama:

A ƙarƙashinsa (Barayan Gombe), a matsayinsa na babban malami, Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa ne, wanda yake cikakkiyar maganar game da wayar da kai game da kawo sauyi cikin lumana tare da yunƙuri cikin matsakaiciyar hanya a tsakanin masu zaƙewa guda biyu a tsawon shekaru masu yawa ya jawo masa girmamawa daga kowane ɓangare.

Waɗannan yarfe, ƙazafi da kuma ɓata suna da Turawa da ‘yan korensu suka riƙa yi masa ba a kan komai bane sai nuna ra’ayinsa na kawo sauyi cikin yadda ake tafiyar da harkokin Hukumar Gargajiya mai cike da danniya da zalunci.

Mutum ne mai kunya, maras yawan magana kamar yadda Kwakudee (2013) ya ruwaito cewa malamansa da abokan karatunsa na Makarantar Lardin Bauchi (Bauchi Provincial School) sun siffata shi da waɗannan siffofi.

Mutum ne shi mai tsantseni da kuma gudun duniya. An ruwaito cewa lokacin da ya ɗauki hutunsa na farko a shekarar 1963, sai ya yanke shawarar yin hutun a ƙauyensa kuma a gonarsa domin yin noma kamar yadda ake iya gani a wannan hoton.


Tafawa Ɓalewa a Gona
An ciro daga: kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane

Fasihi kuma haziƙin mutum ne wanda Allah ya ɗaukaka shi a duniya. Shi ne mutumin da duniya ta yi wa laƙabi da Mai Maƙogwaron Zinaren Afirka, wato Golden Voice of Africa a Turance saboda zunzurutun iya maganarsa a gaban jama’a. Malamin makaranta ne shi, marubuci, manomi, sannan kuma ɗan siyasa.

Ya bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen gina ƙasa domin shi ya ɗora ta a tafarkin duk wani ci gaba da muke iya gani a yanzu duk da cewa wannan aniya tasa ta samu tasgaro da juyin mulkin wasu daga cikin sojojin Nijeriya tare kuma da kawo ƙarshen rayuwarsa da suka yi a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun 1966. Game da wannan, muna iya cewa Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa ya cika alƙawari kamar yadda ya ambata a cikin jawabinsa na ranar ‘yancin kai da cewa: “Wata dama ce ɗaya tilo wadda zan yi ta tuna wa da ita har abada kuma ta bani ƙarfi da ƙwarin guiwar sadaukar da rayuwata ga wannan ƙasa”. Babban fatanmu shi ne Allah ya haskaka masa ƙabarinsa. Amin.

Haihuwarsa

An haifi Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba na shekarar 1912 (Zodml, 2019; Wikipedia, 2019; Britannica, 2019; BBC Hausa, 2010), a garin Tafawa Ɓalewa (BBC Hausa, 2010; Zodml, 2019; VOA Hausa, 2014) wadda a yanzu haka ƙaramar hukuma ce a cikin Jahar Bauchi.

Shi ɗa ne ga Malam Yakubu Ɗantala wanda yake basarake ne a gudunmar Tafawa Ɓalewa a cikin Masarautar Bauchi. Sunan mahaifiyarsa Fatima inna wadda take Bafilatana ce a ƙabila.

Karatunsa

  1. Ya fara da karatun allo kamar yadda yake a al’adance a Ƙasar Hausa.
  2. Makarantar Lardin Bauchi (Bauchi Provincial School).
  3. 1928 – 1933: Kwalejin Horas da Malamai ta Katsina (Katsina Collage).
  4. 1945 – 1946: Jami’ar London, Makarantar Horas da Malamai (University of London, Institute of Education). Inda ya samu takardar shedar koyarwa da fannin tarihi (Teachers Certificate in History).

Siyasa

Guguwar sauyin da ta kaɗa a shekarun arba’inoni ita ta wajabta wa Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa barin aikinsa na karantarwa domin tsunduma cikin harkokin siyasa. Wanda kuma ya bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa tun daga kafa ƙaramar ƙungiyar ci gaban mutanen Bauchi har zuwa kan kujera lamba ɗaya a wannan ƙasa. Ga kaɗan daga cikin muhimman gudunmawarsa a ƙungiyoyin siyasa:

  1. Kafa ƙungiyar farko a Arewa wadda ta ƙunshi zallar ‘yan arewa. Muhammadu da Aliyu (2003), sun bayyana cewa Malam Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa tare da haɗin Guiwar Malam Aminu Kano da kuma Malam Sa’adu Zungur sun kafa wata ƙungiya mai suna Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Garin Bauchi wato Bauchi Generals Improvement Union (BGIU) a Turance. Sun bayyanar ƙugiyar a matsayin ƙungiyar farko da aka fara kafawa a duk faɗin Arewa. Sai dai, daga baya ƙungiyar ta gamu da fushin sarkin Bauchi na lokacin inda ya murɗe  mata wuya. Kenan, bata yi nisan kwana ba.
  2. 1943: Ya kafa Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Garin Bauchi (Bauchi Discussion Circle).
  3. 1948: Ya bayar da gudunmawa wajen kafa Ƙungiyar Malaman Makaranta ‘Yan’arewa (Northern Teachers Association). Ƙungiya ce da Malam Aminu Kano ya kafa tare da haɗin guiwar Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa. Wannan ƙungiya ita ce ta kafa tubalin dukkan wata wayewar siyasa a Arewacin Nijeriya tare kuma da haɗa manya da ƙananan ‘yan bokon Arewa a waje guda sakamakon babban taronta na farko da ta gudanar a Zariya, wanda ya samu halartar dukkan lardunan Arewa bisa wakilci.
  4. 1949: Kafa Ƙungiyar Jama’iyyar Mutanen Arewa (JMA), ita kuwa JMA taron Ƙungiyar Malaman Makaranta ‘Yan Arewa ne da aka gudanar a Zariya ya haifar da kafuwarta sakamakon buƙatar da wasu manyan Arewa na lokacin suka nuna na muhimmancin haɗe dukkanin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Arewa waje guda. Ƙungiya ce ta walwala ba ta siyasa ba. Asalin sunanta na Turanci shi ne Northern People Congress (NPC), sunan da Turawa suka haramta yin amfani da shi domin gudun samun ƙungiyar da za ta kai a yi musu bore sannan kuma suka samar da dokar G.O. 40 (B) dokar da ta haramta wa dukkan wani mai’akacin gwamnati shiga ƙungiyar siyasa. Sai dai, daga baya da Turwan suka ga uwar bari sun rikiɗar da ƙungiyar ta koma jama’iyyar NPC. Muhimman manufofin kafa Jama’iyyar Mutanen Arewa (JMA) su ne; yaƙi da jahilci, zalunci da kuma lalaci kamar yadda ya zo a Abubakar (2011).
  5. 1951: Kafa Jama’iyyar Siyasa ta NPC.

Muƙamai

Tun bayan kammala karatun Sir Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa na Kwalejin Katsina, kai tsaye ya wuce zuwa makaranta domin koyarwa. Daga cikin irin muƙaman da Sir Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa ya riƙe akwai:

  1. 1933: Malamin Makaranta a Marantar Midil ta Bauchi.
  2. Ya zama shugaban malamai na Makarantar Midil ta Bauchi.
  3. 1947: Wakili mai wakiltar Hukumar Gargajiya ta Bauchi a Majalisar Dokokin Yankin Arewa.
  4. 1948: Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Malaman Makaranta ‘Yan Arewa (Northern Teachers Association)
  5. 1950: Ɗan Majalisar Kundin Tsarin Mulikin 1950 wanda aka fi sani da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Macpherson (Macpherson Constitution).
  6. 1951: Ɗan Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya mai Wakiltar Mazaɓar Bauchi. Abin da ya bashi dama aka yi masa muƙamin Ministan Tarayya.
  7. 1954: Mataimakin Shugaban Jama’iyyar NPC na ƙasa.
  8. 1954: Ministan Tarayya a Ma’aikatar Ayyuka da Gidaje daga baya kuma Ministan Sufuri.
  9. 1957: Ɗan Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya.
  10. 1957: Shugaban Ministocin Nijeriya wato Firimiya (Prime minister).
  11. 1959: Ɗan Majalisar Dattawa ta Nijeriya.
  12. 1960: Shugaban Ministocin Nijeriya sannan kuma cikakken shugaban gwamnatin Nijeriya wanda ya karɓi alamomin ‘yancin kai daga hannun Yarima Alexandria (Ɗan’uwan Sarauniya ‘Yarzabil ta biyu).

awabin Sir Abukar Tafawa Ɓalewa (KBE) na Farko a Matsayin Firimiyan Nijeriya

Wannan shi ne jawabin da Sir Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa ya gudanar a cikin shekarar 1957, bayan zamowarsa Firimiyan Tarayyar Nijeriya.

Wannan rana ce mai girma ga Nijeriya da ni kaina a matsayin firimiyan farko na Tarayyar Nijeriya, abin alfahari ne a gare ni na yi magana da ‘yan’uwana ‘yan ƙasa a wannan daren. Ina alfahari tare kuma da sunkuyar da kai ganin yadda a yau, muka iso zangon ƙarshe na tafiyar mu ta neman ‘yancin kai, sannan kuma shekaru uku masu zuwa za su ga kammaluwar matakan da suka daɗe suna tayar da hazo shekara-da-shekaru. Za mu girbi abin da muka shuka. Nasarar girbin kuma ta rataya a hannunmu, kuma saboda haka nake farin cikin yin magana da ku a wannan daren. Kowane ɗaya daga cikin mu yana da gudunmawar da zai bayar wajen gudanar da shirye-shiryen karɓar mulkin kai a ranar 2 ga watan Afirilu na shekarar 1960. Ina son kowane mutum a Nijeriya ya fahimci cewa wannan ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba wanda ministocin Tarayya dana Yankuna da ‘yan majalisu za su iya aiwatarwa su kaɗai. Aiki ne na kowane ɗaya daga cikin ku saboda ta hanyar gudunmawar ɗaiɗaikun mutane ne ‘yancin kan Tarayya zai zama gaskiya a 1960.

Mun riga mun shelanta aniyarmu ta samun ‘yancin kan Tarayya a ranar 2 ga watan Afirilu na shekarar 1960 kuma idan muna son ɗaukaka darajar kanmu zuwa shiga cikin manyan ƙasashe a duniya, to, dole mu yi dukkan mai yiwuwa wajen ganin mun cimma wannan buri namu tare da samun kyakkyawan suna a gwamnatance.

Yanzu Nijeriya ta taka wani matsayi a tarihinta. Dole mu yi amfanin da wannan damar da ta samu a gare mu domin nuna cewa za mu iya jagorantar yadda ya kamata. Kowane ɗan Nijeriya, kuma kowane irin matsayi yake da shi, kuma kowane irin addini yake bi, to, yana ko tana da gudunmawar da za ta iya bayarwa wajen aiwatar da wannan gagarumin aiki. Ina roƙon dukkan ‘yan ƙasata maza da mata da su haɗa kai tare da ni da kuma abokan aikina wajen samar da kyakkyawar fahimtar juna a tsakanin mutanenmu, mu zama masu mutunta juna, masu yarda da juna a tsakanin dukkan yarurrukan da muke da su, sannan kuma mu haɗa kai wajen abu guda wanda babu wata sadaukarwa da za ta yi masa girma.

Na gamsu, kuma zan so kuma ku gamsu cewa, makomar wannan ƙasa dole a matakin farko ta dogara a kan ƙwazonmu domin mu taimaki kanmu. Wannan kuma ba zai yiwu ba idan har ba za mu yi aiki cikin haɗin kai ba. Tabbas, a yau haɗin kai shi ne babban abin buƙatar mu, kuma nauyi ne da ya rataya a kan kowa domin ganin cewa mun ƙarfafe shi. Yau da safe na faɗa a Majalisar Wakilai cewa ɗacin bambancin siyasa ba zai kai Nijeriya ko’ina ba, kuma na roƙi shugabannin siyasa a duk faɗin ƙasa cewa su rarrashi masu zazzafan ra’ayi a jama’iyyunsu. Gare ku masu sauraron wannan jawabi a wannan dare, na maimaita wannan roƙon, mu kawar da ɗacin bambanci, mu zama abokai domin kai wa ga ‘yancin kai.

Domin faɗaɗa wannan ƙaƙƙarfar buƙatar haɗin kai, ni da abokan aikina a majalisar ministoci mun ɗauki matakin bai wa ƙasa jagoranci ta hanyar gayyatar shugabannin jama’iyyar Action Group cewa su zo mu kafa haƙiƙanin Gwamnatin Ƙasa mai ɗauke da mambobin manya-manyan jama’iyyun da suke ƙasa kuma a nan dole na jinjinawa Dakta Azikwe, Cif Awolowo, Dakta Endeley da kuma shugabannin jama’iyyata Sardaunan Sokoto saboda goyon bayan da suka bani wajen ɗaukar wannan matakin. Ni da abokan aikina na jama’iyyar NCNC da kuma NPC mun miƙar da hannayenmu domin mu yi maraba da mambobin Action Group a majalisa kuma na yi muku alƙawarin cewa za mu yi baƙin ƙoƙarinmu wajen tabbatar da cewa ana gudanar da zaman majalisa a yanayi da yake kuɓutacce daga tsukakken tunanin da ya taƙaitu da buƙatun jama’iyyu.

Yanzu kuma zan so na faɗi kalma ɗaya game da aikin gwamnati. Muna godewa dukkan ma’aikatan gwamnati, waɗanda ta hanyar ayyukansu ne ƙasar ta kai matsayin ci gaban siyasar da take kai a yanzu. Na san cewa dukkan wata faɗaɗa kundin tsarin mulki yana ƙara wa ma’ikatan gwamnatin ɗawainiyoyi. Ba wai kai ƙaruwar ayyukan da za su yi ba, a’a, wasu jami’an gwamnatin sukan sha wahala wajen karɓar sabon canjin amma dole na ƙarfafa cewa, yau Nijeriya ta sake taka wani sabon mataki mai muhimmanci na ci gaba, kuma idan muna son cin nasara, to, dole mu samu goyon dukkan ‘yan Nijeriya da kuma ƙwararrun jami’an gwamnati a kan wannan gaɓa mi muhimmanci kafin mu kafa gwamnatin kanmu.

Zan so na ƙara tabbatar wa da dukkan ƙwararrun ma’aikatanmu kyakkyawar manufarmu bisa alƙawarin da aka yi musu shekarun da suka shuɗe, sannan kuma mu yi musu alƙawarin cewa basu da wata barazana da ta fuskacin makomar rayuwarsu. Burinsu da namu yana kamar yadda yake wanda kuma shi ne jin daɗi da walwalar ‘yan Nijeriya. Ci gaban siyasarmu ba zai zama mai ma’ana ba idan har bai samu goyon bayan ci gaban tattalin arziƙi ba. Saboda haka abu ne mafi muhimmanci ya zama shirinmu na cigaba an aiwatar da shi a cikin yanayin karsashi a duk faɗin ƙasa domin mu samu ingantaccen tattalin arziƙin da za mu tsaya da ƙafafunmu, ta yadda a shekaru uku masu zuwa za mu buƙaci duniya ta karɓe mu a tsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta.

Zan so na tunatar da ku abin da wani fitaccen Ba’amurke ya taɓa faɗa. Maganar ita ce: “Mu zama tsinya maɗaurinki ɗaya, ba za mu taɓe ba”. Wannan magana ta yi daidai da Nijeriya a yau kamar yadda ta kasance ga wata ƙasa. Dole mutanen Nijeriya su haɗa kai domin a taimaka wa wannan ƙasa ta taka cikakkiyar rawa wajen inganta makomar ɗan’adam. Babu wani dalili da zai saka mu ƙyale son ran wasu ɗaiɗaikun mutane ya jefa zaman lafiyar ‘yan Nijeriya miliyan talatin da uku (A lokacin da yake jawabin. Yanzu kuma sama da 190,000,000 a 2019 kenan) masu bin dokada-oda a cikin muwayuwacin hali. Nauyi ne da ya hau kan kowane ɗaya daga cikinmu ya yi aiki tare kuma da zaburantar da dukkan jama’armu cewa mu rayu tare kuma cikin zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Hanyar kaɗai da za mu iya yin wannan ita ce ta hanyar samar da fahimtar juna, girmama juna tare kuma da aminta da juna. Abu ne mai muhimmanci mu girmama juna a matakin farko kafin mu buƙaci duniya ta girmama mu.

Duk da cewa, lokacin da zan ce da ku mu kwana lafiya ya yi, zan so na sake gaya muku irin matuƙar muhimmancin da yake da shi ga makomarku da kuma makomar Nijeriya wadda ‘ya’yanku za su gada cewa, a iya tsawon wannan lokaci mai sarƙaƙiya kafin ‘yancin kai, mu haɗa kanmu. Mu zama masu gaskiya a tsakaninmu, mun san abin da muka sani, kuma muna da tabbacin cewa za mu same shi, tare kuma da samun nasa a lokacin da ya dace, matuƙar dai ba mu jinkirtar da kanmu wajen faɗa da juna bisa son rai ba. A lokaci makamancin wannan, dole dukkanin mu mu sallama zukatanmu ga Allah tare kuma da neman taimakonsa da shiriyarsa cikin yardarsa, za mu yi nasara.

Gudunmawa

Gudunmawar da gwamnatin Sir Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa ta bayar abu ne mai wahalar ƙididdigewa, kasantuwar ita ce ta kafa tubalin duk wani ci gaba da ake iya gani yau a wannan ƙasa.

  1. Kafa jami’o’i Huɗu na Nijeriya; Jama’ar Ahmadu Bello ta Zariya; Jami’ar Obafemi Awolowo; Jami’ar Nijeriya Nsukka da kuma Makarantar Tsaro ta Ƙasa (NDA) wadda take a matsayin jami’ar sojojin Nijeriya.
  2. Kafa Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Afirka mai suna Organization of African Unity (OAU).
  3. 1963: Sabunta Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Nijeriya.
  4. 1964: Samar da dokar bayar da lambobin yabo domin girmama ‘yan ƙasa da suka hidimtawa ƙasa.

Lambobin Yabo/Kyaututtukan Girmamawa

  1. 1952: Sarauniya ‘Yarzabil II, ta bashi lambar yabo mai taken, OBE.
  2. 1955: Sarauniya ‘Yarzabil II, ta bashi lambar yabo mai taken, CBE.
  3. 1960: Sarauniya ‘Yarzabil II, ta bashi lambar yabo mai taken, Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE)
  4. 1960: Digirin Girmamawa daga Jami’ar Sheffield, Ingila.

Iyali

Sir Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa ya rasu ya bar mata huɗu; Jummai, Umma, Zainab da Laraba, tare da ’ya’ya 19.  Daga cikin ‘ya’yansa akwai Mukhtar, Sadiq, Hajiya Uwani, Umar, Ahmed, Haruna, Aminu, Hafsat, Amina, Zainab, Yalwa, Saude, Hajia Binta, Yalwa, Rabi, Ali, da kuma Hajia Talle Aishatu.

Rasuwa

Wasu sojojin Nijeriya ‘yan ƙabilar Ibo suka sace Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1966 tare kuma da kashe shi daga baya a yunƙurin su na hamɓarar da gwamnatinsa tare da wasu manyan ‘Yan siya da kuma sojoji daga yankunan Yamma da kuma Arewacin Nijeriya.

Manazarta:


Abubakar A. T. (2011). Maitama Sule Ɗanmasanin Kano. Ahmadu Bello University Press, Zaria, Kaduna-Nigeria.

BBC Hausa (2016). Takaitaccen tarihin Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. An ciro daga: https://www.bbc.com/hausa/news/2010/09/100922 a shekarar 2019.

Kwekudee (2013). Trip Down Memory Lane Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa the Gentle Black Rock and the First Prime Minister of Nigeria. An ciro daga: http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com.ng/2013/11/sir-abubakar-tafawa-balewa-gentle-black.html a shekarar 2016

Microsoft Encarta (2009). Sir Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa. Microsoft Student 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008.

Muhammad da Isma'il. (2003). Tarihin Shehu Shagari. An buga a TPCS Ltd/Al-Rissalah Printing and Publishing Co. (Nig) Ltd. Domin M and I Essence Publi sher, Kaduna-Nigeria.

Yakasai T. (2004). Tanko Yakasai, The Story of a Humble Life, An Autobiography, Volume I. Government Printers, Kano-Nigeria.

VOA Hausa (). Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Ya Cika Shekara 48 Da Rasuwa Yau. An ciro daga: https://www.voahausa.com/a/1830383.html a 2019

Wikipedia (2019). Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. An ciro daga: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abubakar_Tafawa_Balewa a 2019
Zodml (). Zaccheus Onumba Dibiaezue Memorial Libraries. https://zodml.org/discover-nigeria/people/abubakar-tafawa-balewa#.XMh4Edz9XIU


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