Shafin Farko

Hanyoyin Gane Yara Masu Larurar Hankali


Gabatarwa

Abu ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci ga iyaye, malaman makaranta, ma’ikatan asibiti da masu kula da yara su gane ko su fahimci yara masu larurar hankali tun suna ƙanana. Yin hakan zai taimaka matuƙa wajen basu kulawar da ta kamace su tun da wuri, wanda kuma ta haka ne za su zama masu amfanar da kansu da kuma wasunsu.

Bisa gaskiyar magana, wannan gaɓa tana da muhimmanci. A rashin kiyaye wannan gaɓa ne ake hasarar yara da dama. Sau da yawa, akan samu yaran da aka haifa da matsalar, ko kuma ya same ta bayan an haife shi, wanda kuma tana iya yiwuwa matsala ce da za a iya magance ta tun tana ƙarama, amma rashin sanin hakan sai ya saka a rasa baki ɗaya har ya girma, matsalar ta girmama, wasu ma har takan kai ga yaro ya shiga uwa duniya.

Babbar hanya ko ma’aunin da za a yi amfani da shi wajen gane yara masu larurar hankali ita ce, a ɗauki waccar ma’ana ta yara masu laurar hankali da aka kawo a sama. A auna yaro da ita. Idan muka tuna a cikin ma’anar an yara masu larurar hankali, an ce su ne yaran da suka siffantu da gazawar aikin tunani; wato basa iya yin tunani, sannan kuma sun gaza wajen karɓar sauyi game da abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwar yau-da-kullum.

Misali, a bisa yadda aka saba, daga shekarar farko ta haihuwar yaro zuwa shekaru uku, ana sa ran yaron da yake da cikakkiyar lafiyar hankali zai iya saka takalmi, riga, wando, amfani da hannayensa biyu bisa dacewa, shiga bayi domin biyan buƙata da sauransu. Gazawar yaro wajen yin waɗannan abubuwa ba tare da samun larurar gaɓɓai ba, wannan na nuna cewa akwai yiwuwar samun larurar hankali tare da shi. Saboda shi hankali shi ne yake saka mutum ya yi tunani har ya gane gaban riga da bayanta, ko kuma ƙafar dama ko ta hagu ta takalmi. To idan aka ga cewa, shi a ƙashin kansa ya ƙi kula ya gane, sai a yi ƙoƙarin koyar da shi sannu a hankali.

Haka nan kuma akwai shagwaɓa, ita ma tana susutar da yaro. Ita kuwa shagwaɓa, ita ce nunawa yaro soyayya ko gata fiye da ƙima, ta hanyar yi masa ayyukan da ya kamata a ce shi ya yi da kansa.

Manazarta:


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Federal Ministry of Education (2015). National Policy on Special Needs Education. Federal Ministry of Education, Abuja, Nigeria.

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Repp A.C. da Coutinho M.J. (2008). Special Education. Microsoft Encarta 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation.