Shafin Farko

Jagorancin da Bayar da Shawara


Gabatarwa

Mutum halitta ce mai cuɗanya da juna, saboda haka yana buƙatar jagoranci daga waninsa don yin abubuwansa bisa turba.

A rayuwarmu ta yau-da-kullum, muna cin karo da jagoranci (guidance) da kuma bayar da shawarwari (counselling). A gidaje akan samu babba a gida kullum yana jagorantar sauran mutanen gida ta hanyar yi musu nuni (guidance) da yin abin da ya dace, tare kuma da sanar da su (counselling) abubuwan da suka dace ta hanyar magana. Haka nan a makarantu malamai kan jagoranci ɗalibai wajen yin ayyuka, haka nan a kasuwa da sauransu.

Idan haka ne to wannan al’amari na jagoranci da bayar da shawara yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a rayuwar ɗan’adam baki ɗaya.

Wannan rubutu da mai karatu zai karanta, zai yi tsokaci ne game da Jagoranci (guidance) da kuma bayar da shawara (counselling). Ma'anarsu, amfanin su, banbance-banbancen da ke tsakinsu da kuma rabe-raben jagoranci.

Ma’anar Jagoranci da Bayar da Shawara

Kafin fassara Jagoranci da Bayar da Shawara (Guidance and Counselling) a dunƙule, bari mu fara kallon ma’anar kowane ɗaya daga cikinsu. ‘Guidance’ kalma ce ta Turanci wacce ke nufin shugabanci ko jagoranci, Encarta Dictionary (2009). Amma Bernard (1969), ya fassara ta a matsayin taimako ko nuni da mai gogayya (experienced person) ke baiwa maras gogayya don tallafa masa ya warware wasu matsalolin da suka shafi rayuwa kamar harkar ilimi, zaɓin sana’a, ko matsalar mutumtaka, da sauransu. Ita kuma kalmar ‘Counselling’ ma’anarta ita ce, Bayar da Shawara a bisa bayanin Encarta Dictionary (2009). A fassarar Jode (2010), kuwa, ‘Counselling’ na nufin hanyoyin (process) bayar da shawarwari da ƙwararre (professional) ke yi ga wanda ba ƙwararre ba da nufin tallafa masa ya warware wasu matsaloli.

Shi kuwa wannan fanni na ‘Guidance and Counselling’ ya samu fassarori da dama, daga ciki akwai: Hanyoyin (process) taimaka wa jama’a su gano tare kuma da fahimtar damammakinsu na ilimi, sana’a, da tunani domin su cimma haƙiƙanin moriyar  wannan dama tasu, sannan kuma su zama cikin farin ciki (Encylopaedia Britannica, 2010). An kuma fassara shi da shirye-shirye da ayyukan da ke haɓɓaka mutumtaka (personality), walwala (social), ilimi da zaɓin fannin karatu ga ɗalibi (Unesco, 2011).

Bambanci Tsakanin Jagoranci da Bayar da Shawara

Waɗannan kalmomi guda biyu, suna kamanceceniya wajen amfani, amma duk da haka suna da banbanci. Ita ta farkon (Guidance) faffaɗar kalma ce da ta haɗiye ta biyun (counselling). Jagoranci (guidance), abu ne da kowa ke buƙata kuma a koda wane lokaci. Ita kuma shawara (counselling), akan buƙace ta idan akwai matsala, saboda haka, ita kanta shawarar ta faɗo cikin jagoranci, saboda ana bayar da sharawa ne don a yiwa mai karɓar shawara jagoranci cikin ilimi idan buƙatar hakan ta taso.

Isaiah (2012), ya banbanta su ta fuskar cewa shi jagoranci (guidance) abu ne da kowa ke buƙatarsa, amma shawara (counselling) kuwa sai mai matsala. Sannan kuma kowa na iya yin jagoranci kamar iyaye, malamai, likitoci, sojoji, da sauransu, amma ita kuwa shawara (counselling) sai masanin (professional) fannin. Haka nan ana iya gudanar da jagoranci (guidance) a kowane guri kamar irin su ɗakin taro, aji, kasuwa, asibiti, gida, da sauransu kuma ta kowace hanya kamar irin su wasiƙa, saƙon kar-ta-kwana (sms), amma ita kuwa shawara (counselling) sai an keɓe.

Amfanin Jagoranci

Amfanin jagoranci (guidance) bai taƙaitu ga ɗalibai da malamai a makaranta ba kawai, a’a, har ga iyaye ma a gida, shugabannin ma’aikatu da masana’antu, ma’aikatan hukumomi da na kamfanoni, da dukkan sauran jama’ar da ke cikin al’umma wannan fanni na jagoranci yana da matuƙar amfani a gare su. Kaɗan daga cikin amfanin jagoranci su ne:

  1. Fahimtar kai da kuma sama wa kai makoma (self-understanding and self-direction): Jagoranci (guidance) yana taimaka wa mutum ya san irin ƙwazon da yake da shi da kuma rauninsa, sannan kuma yana taimakon mutum ya samu dabarun tunkarar matsala da kuma yanke hukunci.
  2. Ƙololin gina mutum. Abin nufi shi ne cewa, jagoranci (guidance) yana taimaka wa wajen gina cikakken mutum mai tarbiya da ilimi, da kuma sanin ya kamata.
  3. Warware matsalolin jama’a. Jagoranci (guidance) yana taimaka wa wajen warware matsalolin jama’a.
  4. Jagoranci (guidance) yana taimaka wa wajen zaɓin ingantacciyar sana’ar da ta dace, da kuma haɓɓaka sana’ar. Abin nufin a nan shi ne cewa, jagoranci, yana taimakon mutum ya zaɓi sana’ar da ta dace da yanayinsa, wanda hakan ke kaiwa ga samun makoma mai kyau a rayuwar mutum ta sana’a.
  5. Yana taimaka wa wajen inganta cuɗanya (social) da kuma mutumtaka.
  6. Yana samar da ingantacciyar rayuwar iyali.
  7. Yana taimaka wa wajen mayar da mutum nagartaccen ɗan ƙasa.
  8. Yana taimaka wa wajen iya magana (conversation) da kuma samun cikakken amfanin mutum; abin nufi da cikakken amfani mutum shi ne, yana mai da shi mutum ɗin kan-kansa ya zama mai amfani sannan kuma ya amfanar da wasu.
  9. Yana taimaka wa wajen ci gaban ƙasa. Wannan abu ne bayannane, idan ya zama mutane a ƙasa sun zama masu amfani, to ba makawa wannan ƙasa za ta ci gaba.

Rabe-Raben Jagoranci

Kaɗan daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:

  1. Jagorancin Ilimi (Educational Guidance).
  2. Jagorancin Sana'a (Vocational Guidance).
  3. Jagorancin Walwala (Social Guidance).
  4. Jagorancin Kyawawan Halaye (Moral Guidance).

Manazarta:


Bernard H. W. (1969) Principles of Guidance Allied-Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

Encyclopædia Britannica. (2010). Guidance Counseling. Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite.  Chicago.

Isaiah A. (2012). Guidance and Counselling. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://1-guidance-and-counselling.blogspot.com.ng/2012/11/guidance-and-counseling.html

Jose J. (2010). Concept, scope & use of guidance and counseling. An ciro a shekarar 2016. Daga Shafin: http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/126909-Concept-scope-use-of-guidance-and-counseling.aspx

Unesco. (2011). EDUCATION. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/ strengthening-education-systems/quality-framework/technical-notes/definition-of-guidance-and-counselling/

Roy M. (2011). Guidance and Counselling. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://teachereducationguidanceandcounsellin. blogspot.com.ng/2011/03/what-is-counselling-meaning-need-and.html