Tsarin Sauti: Matsayin Maƙwallato

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Shafin Farko

Tsarin Sauti: Matsayin Maƙwallato

Gabatarwa

Halin da maƙwallato yake ciki a yayin da ake furta baƙi, shima abin dubawa ne a fagen nazarin sautin Hausa. Sani (2007), ya ce: “Maƙwallato zai iya ɗaukar matsayi iri daban-daban har uku gwargwadon irin sautin da za a furta”.

A irin waɗannan halaye guda uku, maƙwallato yana iya zamowa a rufe, a buɗe ko kuma a tsuke a yayin furta baƙi. Ita kuwa wannan rufewa ko buɗewa ko tsukewa ta maƙwallato, tantaninsa ne yake haifar da afkuwar su. Wannan tantani yakan ja ne ya saki akai-akai. Idan tantanin ya ja, sai maƙwallaton ya tsuke, idan kuma ya saki, sai maƙwallaton ya buɗe. Za mu duba su kamar haka:

Maƙwallato a Rufe

Idan aka zo furta Hamza /Φ/, tantanin maƙwallato yakan ja sosai, sai maƙwallato ya rufe rif. A wannan gaɓa da maƙwallato ya rufe rif, iska takan yunƙura da ƙarfi ta fita da zarar ya fara buɗewa ko yaya ne. baƙaƙe biyu wannan yunƙuri yake haifarwa; Hamza /Φ/ da kuma /Φj/.

Maƙwallato a Buɗe

Janyewar tantani kan saka maƙwallato ya buɗe baki ɗaya. Saboda haka baƙi yakan samu hanyar fita ba tare da tangarɗa ba. Baƙaƙen da ke fita a halin da maƙwallato yake buɗe ana kiransu da ‘marasa ziza’, su ne: /t/, /s/, /k/, /ƙ/, /kw/, /ƙw/ da /s/.

Maƙwallato a Tsuke

Janyewar tantani kaɗan, yakan saka maƙwallato ya tsuke, ya bar ‘yar kafar da za ta baiwa iska damar fita. A wajen wannan fita da iska take yi tana karkaɗa ko girgiza tantanin yana karkarwa, yana fitar da wata ƙara da ake kira ‘ziza’. Dukkan furucin da ke samuwa a irin wanan yanayi ana kiran sa ‘mai ziza’, su ne: /b/, /ɓ/, /m/, /d/, /z/, /n/, /ʤ/, /g/, /y/, /gw/ da sauransu.

Saboda haka sai baƙaƙe suka rabu uku dangane da matsayin maƙwallato a wajen furuci: Masu ziza, marasa ziza da kuma ‘yan-ba-ruwanmu guda biyu; /Φ/ da /Φj/ kamar yadda ya zo a Sani (2007).

Manazarta:

Junaidu I. da ‘Yar’aduwa T.M (Babu Shekara). Harshe da Adabin Hausa a Kammale Don Manyan Makarantun Sakandire. Spectrum Books Limited, Nigeria.

Sani M.A.Z. (2007). Tsarin Sauti Da Nahawun Hausa. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Sani M.A.Z., Muhammad A. Da Rabeh B. (2000). Exam Focus Hausa Langugae Don Masu Rubuta Jarabawar WASC da SSCE. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Yahaya I.Y., Zariya M.S., Gusau S.M da ‘Yar’aduwa T.M. (2006). Darrusan Hausa Don Manyan Makarantun Sakandire 3. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Zarruƙ R., Kafin Hausa A.A. da Alhassan B.S.Y. (2010). Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Don Ƙananan Makarantun Sakandire Littafi na Biyu. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.

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