Tsarin Sauti: Muhallin Furucin Baƙaƙe

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Tsarin Sauti: Muhallin Furucin Baƙaƙe


Muhallin Furuci

Muhallin furucin baƙi shi ne wurin da aka furta baƙin. Wannan kuma kan faru idan iskar huhu ta so fita waje, wasu daga cikin gaɓoɓin magana masu motsi sai su motsa zuwa sama, kodai su haɗe da marasa motsi da ke sama, su datse iskar baki ɗaya, ko kuma su kusanci juna, su rage ƙarfin fitar iskar ta hanyar rage faɗin sararin da take tafiya. Akwai muhallan furucin baƙaƙe har guda bakwai a Daidaitacciyar Hausa. duk da saɓanin da aka samu a tsakanin malaman fannin. Ga su kamar haka:

Baleɓe

Baleɓe suna ne na baƙin da furucinsa ke samuwa sakamakon haɗuwa ko kusantuwar leɓen sama da na ƙasa a yayin furta shi. Jama’unsu kuma shi ne leɓawa.

A nan, idan iskar huhu ta zo fita waje, sai leɓen ƙasa ya motsa sama ya je ya haɗe da leɓen sama sai su rufe su datse iskar; su tare ta na wasu ‘yan daƙiƙoƙi. Idan suka ware, sai iskar ta runtuma da gudu kuma da ƙarfi, wannan ƙarfin fita da kuma gudun da iskar ke yi shi yake haifar da sautin baƙaƙen /b/, /ɓ/, /m/, /Φ/.

  1. /b/ ƙwayar sauti ce baleɓa, kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin baba, dabo, dabba, tabbas, biki da makamantan su.
  2. /ɓ/ ƙwayar sauti ce baleɓa, kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin ɓawo, taɓo, taɓarya, tamɓele, ɓalɓal da makamantan su.
  3. /m/ ƙwayar sauti ce baleɓa, kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin mara, rama, rambo, rumbu, madara da makamantan su.
  4. /Φ/ alama ce ta furucin baƙin /f/, kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin fari, rafi, ruftawa, rufaffe, faifai da makamantan su.

A lura da cewa, leɓɓan suna haɗuwa da juna wajen furta /b/, /ɓ/ da /m/. Amma idan aka zo furta /Φ/, wato /f/ kenan, leɓɓan kusantar juna suke yi, basa haɗuwa, har ma akan samu agajin haƙoran sama su ɗan danne leɓen ƙasa.

Bahanƙe

Suna ne na baƙin da tsinin harshe yake haɗewa ko kusantar hanƙa a yayin furta shi. Jama’unsu shi ne Hanƙawa.

A nan, muna da baƙaƙen da suka haɗa da /t/, /d/, /n/, /l/ da kuma /r/ waɗanda tsinin harshe yake haɗuwa da hanƙa a yayin furta su.

Sai kuma /s/, /z/ da kuma /s’/, waɗanda tsinin harshe ke kusantar hanƙa yayin furta su.

  1. /t/ kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin tafi, fata, fatara, tazara, batta, da makamantan su.
  2. /d/ kamar yadda take zuwa a ciki kalmomin dodo, lado, ladabi, adda, daro da makamantan su.
  3. /l/ kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin lalo, lalle, balbela, bulala da kuma Haladu da makamantan su.
  4. /r/ kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin rago, dara, darduma, rarrafe, rake da makamantan su.
  5. /n/ kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin rana, nana, nakiya, nama, nono da makamantan su.
  6. /s/ kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin soso, doso, rassa, riska, fuska da makamantan su.
  7. /z/ kamar yadda take zuwa a kalmomin zakka, nazari, ɗazu, mazari, zazzaɓi da makamantan su.
  8. /s’/ ita ce alamar furucin baƙin ts kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin tsutsa, tsakiya, tartsatsi, santsi, tsada da makamantan su.

Baganɗe

Baganɗe shi ne baƙin da gaban harshe yake kusantar ganɗa a yayin furta shi. Jama’unsu shi ne Ganɗawa. Sai dai, gaɓoɓin ba haɗuwa suke yi ba, suna dai kusantar juna ne a lokacin furucin.

  1. /j/ alama ce ta furucin /y/, kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin yaro, baya, yaya, biyar, yashi, taya da makamantan su.
  2. /ɲ/ alama ce ta furunci /n/, wacce take zuwa a cikin kalmomin hanya, hanci, hanƙa, hanzari, hantara da makamantan su.

Bahanɗe/’Yan Beli

Shi ne baƙin da doron harshe da hanɗa suke haɗuwa da juna a yayin furta shi. Amma Junaidu da ‘Yar’aduwa (Babu Shekara) sun kira su ‘Yan Beli. Jama’aunsu shi ne Hanɗawa. Baƙaƙe irin su /k/, /ƙ/, /g/, /ŋ/ da kuma /w/, su ne Hanɗawa.

  1. /k/ kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin kaza, zakara, daka, kakaki, Kano da makamantan su.
  2. /ƙ/ kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin ƙaya, yaƙi, laƙabi, ƙoto, ƙaƙƙarfa da makamantan su.
  3. /g/ kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin gida, riga, ragowa, rugu-rugu, digadigai da makamantan su.
  4. /w/ kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin wata, tawa, Lawandi, ruwa-ruwa, wasaso da makamantan su. Wajen furta /w/, laɓɓa sukan kusanci juna ƙari a kan kusanci doron harshe da hanɗa.
  5. /ŋ/ alama ce ta furucin baƙin /n/, wacce take zuwa a cikin kalmomin can, kan, ran, nan, don da makamantan su.

‘Yan Maƙwallato

Su ne baƙaƙen da ake furta su a can ƙasan maƙogwaro a daidai maƙwallato kamar yadda ya zo a Junaidu da ‘Yar’aduwa (Babu Shekara) da kuma Sani (2007). Sani ya kira su da Hamza, ya kuma ce tantanin maƙwallato yana ja, sai faɗin maƙwallaton ya ragu iska ta fita a hankali yayin furta /h/, amma idan aka zo furta Hamza /Ɂ/, sai tantanin ya ja sosai, maƙwallaton ya rufe rif.

  1. /Ɂ/ alama ce ta furucin Hamza (‘). Takan zo a cikin kalmomin ba’a, ra’ayi, sa’a da makamantan su.
  2. /h/ kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin Hausa, hanci, hali, hula, hatsi da makamantan su.

Naɗe-Harshe

Shi ne baƙin da harshe yake zuwa ya lanƙwashe sannan ya manne a jikin hanƙa yayin furta shi, kamar yadda ya zo a Sani (2007).  /ƴ/ da /ɗ/ su ne baƙaƙe Naɗe-Harshe.

  1. /ɽ/ ko /ȓ/ alama ce ta furucin /r/, wacce take zuwa a cikin kalmomin randa, rarrashi, ruwa, rumi, rago da makamantan su.
  2. /ɗ/ kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin ɗaki, daɗi, saɗaka, ɗauri, ɗinki, da sauransu.

Ɗan Bayan Hanƙa

Shi ne ko su ne baƙaƙen da doron harshe yake zuwa daf da hanƙa ya matse sararin fitar iska, sai iskar ta fita tana ɗan taɓa hanƙa da sauri kamar tafiyar ruwa.

  1. /ʃ/ ita ce alamar furucin /sh/, kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin shayi, rashawa, shafe, lashe, shinkafa da makamantan su.
  2.  /c/ kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin caca, barci, kacici-kacici, ɗaci, canji da makamantan su.
  3. /ʤ/ alama ce ta furucin /j/, kamar yadda take zuwa a cikin kalmomin daji, jaka, daraja, darjiya, jigida da sauransu.

Manazarta:


Junaidu I. da ‘Yar’aduwa T.M (Babu Shekara). Harshe da Adabin Hausa a Kammale Don Manyan Makarantun Sakandire. Spectrum Books Limited, Nigeria.

Sani M.A.Z. (2007). Tsarin Sauti Da Nahawun Hausa. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Sani M.A.Z., Muhammad A. Da Rabeh B. (2000). Exam Focus Hausa Langugae Don Masu Rubuta Jarabawar WASC da SSCE. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Yahaya I.Y., Zariya M.S., Gusau S.M da ‘Yar’aduwa T.M. (2006). Darrusan Hausa Don Manyan Makarantun Sakandire 3. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Zarruƙ R., Kafin Hausa A.A. da Alhassan B.S.Y. (2010). Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Don Ƙananan Makarantun Sakandire Littafi na Biyu. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.


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