Tarihin Ƙasar Ibira

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Shafin Farko

Tarihin Ƙasar Ibira


Gabatarwa

Ebira, kalma ce da ke wakiltar yare, mutane, da kuma yanki (Okene da Suberu, 2013; Segun, 2013; Lukman, 2015). Wannan kalma tana da ma’ana ta ‘kyakkyawar ɗabi’a’ (Segun da Samuel, 2010; Audu, 2010; Kwekudee, 2014). An siffanta al'ummar Ibira da cewa su mutane ne masu kyawawan halaye da suka haɗa da karɓar baƙi, kulawa, mutuntaka, biyayya, jarumtaka, juriya, haƙuri, aiki tuƙuru, da sauransu (Audu, 2010; Kwekudee, 2014).

Wannan yare na Ibira ya kasu kusan kashi shida; akwai Ibira Tawo (Ebira Tao) waɗanda su ne mafiya yawa da suke warwatse a kusan dukkan jahohi takwas ɗin da ake samun Ibira a cikin Najeriya ciki kuma har da babban birnin tarayya Abuja. Akwai Ibira  Koto da Ibira Mozum waɗanda suke cikin jahar Kogi Sai kuma Ibira Panda, da Ebira Oje/Toto waɗanda suke cikin jahar Nassarawa. Sannan akwai Ibira Etuno waɗanda suke cikin jahar Edo. Sai Ibira Agatu waɗanda suke cikin jahar Binuwai (Benue). Ƙarshe kuma Ibira Oloko waɗanda suke cikin Jahohin Ondo, Oyo da Osun duk a tarayyar Najeriya (Onumo, 2013; Segun, 2013; Wikipedia, 2016; Segun da Samuel, 2010; Tenuche, 2002; Audu, 2010; Lukman, 2015; Okene da Suberu, 2013).

Asalin yaren dukkan waɗannan rassa na Ibraniyanci abu guda ne, lokacin da suke haɗe a Wukari duk harshensu ɗaya ne, amma daga baya aka samu ‘yan canje-canje wajen furta wasu kalmomi a tsakaninsu. Wannan kuma ta faru ne sakamakon gurin zama (David, 2013)

Asali

Magana mafi shahara ita cewa ƙabilar Ibira wata reshe ce ta mutanen da suka haɗu suka kafa tsohuwar rusasshiyar daular kwararrafa wacce ta ke da helikwata a yankin Ibbi ta cikin Jahar Taraba a yau (Wikipedia, 2016; Onumo, 2013; David, 2013; Haruna, 2012; Segun, 2013).

Amma a ra’ayin Kwekudee (2014), ya ruwaito cewa hanyar binciken tabbatar da tarihi wato Akiyoloji (archeology) ta tabbatar da cewa akwai jama’a a wannan yanki na Ibira tun shekaru 260 B.C. Sai dai shima bai faɗi takamaiman gurin da waɗannan jama’a suka zauna ba. Amma duk da haka ya kafa hujja da cewa shima ya ruwaito ne daga Ohiare (1988), Willamson (1967), da kuma Beneth (1972). Shi kuwa Segun (2013), a tasa ruwayar, ya yi daidaito da Ohiare (1988) wajen samuwar jama’a wannan yanki na Ibira a tsakiyar Najeriya tun 4000 B.C.

Hijirar Ibira

Jama’ar Ibira sun yi ƙaura daga yankin Ibbi da a yau ta ke cikin Jahar Taraba zuwa guraren da suke a yau a cikin ƙarni na goma sha uku, ƙarni na goma sha huɗu, da ƙarni na goma sha biyar (Audu, 2010).

Waɗannan mutane sun yi hijira zuwa wannan yanki da suke a yau a cikin shekarar 1680 Miladiyya. (Wikipedia, 2016). Amma a ra’ayin David (2013), ya ce sun yi wannan ƙaura ne a cikin ƙarni na goma sha biyar da nufin gujewa farmakin da mayaƙan Musulunci na daular Shehu Ɗanfodio suka kaiwa wannan yanki, da kuma faɗan da suke yi da Daular Borno, da kuma gujewa mulkin danniya a tsakaninsu da sauran abokan haɗakarsu na daular Kwararrafa saboda samun cin-gashin-kansu.

Da suka tashi sun fara nufar kudu inda dausayin kogunan Biniwai da Naija suke. A wannan yanki aka samu wasu daga cikinsu suka yada zango wanda ya zamar musu gurin zama a cikin jahar Biniwau (Benue) inda suke zaune tare da Tibabe da Idoma. Waɗannan su ne Ibira Agatu. Sai kuma na biyun da su kuma suka yada nasu zangon a cikin jahar Nassarawa, inda suke zaune tare da Angasawa da kuma sauran mutanen yanki. Waɗannan su ne Ibira Toto.

Bayan sun tsallaka kogin Kwara, sai Ibira Tawo da Ibira Koto suka yada nasu zangon a garuruwan da ke cikin ƙananan hukumomin Okene, Adavi, Ajaokuta da Okehi. Ya zo a (Kwekudee, 2014; Segun, 2013; Lukman, 2015), cewa sun fara zama a duwatsun Opete, Okehi, Upai, Eikaoku, da Okerekere ne da ke wannan yankin. Daga nan sai Ibira Etuno suka tsallaka zuwa jahar Edo (David, 2013).

Dukkan wannan hijira sun yi ta ne daga ƙarni na goma sha biyar zuwa ƙarni na goma sha takwas kamar yadda ya zo a mabanbantan ruwayoyi daga David (2013), da kuma Wikipedia (2016).

David (2013), ya ce, tafarkin da aka bi aka yi wannan hijira ya fara ne daga Wukari, sai Ibi da Lunga da ke cikin tsohuwar jahar Gongola. Daga nan kuma sai Lafiya, da kuma Nassarawa Toto, da ke cikin jahar Nassarawa. Daga nan kuma sai kogin Neja da Konton Ƙarfe zuwa Lokoja zuwa Itobe zuwa Ajaokuta inda Ibira Tawo suka zauna wanda daga baya ake kira da Ibira-Okene. Wannan ƙaura ta ƙare a jahar Edo, inda Ibira Etuno (Igarra) suke.

Saboda haka ake samun Ibira a cikin Jukunawa a jahar Taraba, da kuma Ibira Panda da ke zaune a cikin Idoma a jahar Binuwai (Benue), sai kuma Ibira Koto  da ke Konto-Ƙarfe a ƙaramar hukumar Lokoja, da kuma Ibira Tawo da ke ƙananan hukumomin Okene, Adavi, Eika da Okehi duk a cikin jahar Kogi, Ibira na ƙarshe su ne Ibira Etuno (Igarra) da ke cikin jahar Edo.

Ƙasar Ibira

Ƙasar Ibira, ƙasa ce mai duwatsu wacce ke da faɗin kimanin kilomita ashirin da uku (23) daga yamma inda Ajakuta ta yi iyaka da jahar Neja (Niger). Daga kudu-maso-yamma kuma tana da faɗin kilomita talatin da biyu (32) inda ta yi iyaka da kogin Neja da Benuwai. Tsawon duwatsun da suke wannan yanki ya kai kimanin mil ɗari shida da sittin da bakwai (667) a saman kogin. Wannan ƙasa a dunƙule tana da faɗin murabba’in kilomita tamanin (80 square kilometers) da garuruwa da ƙauyuka warwatse (Edo, 2008). A yanzu wannan yanki shi ne ya samar da Mazaɓar Sanatan Tsakiya (Kogi Central Senatorial District) ta jahar Kogi (Kwekudee, 2014; Wikipedia, 2016), wanda ya haɗe ƙanan hukumomin Adavi, Ajaokuta, Okehi, Okene and Ogori-Magongo. (Segun da Samuel, 2010; David, 2013; Tenuche, 2002; Audu, 2010; Jimba, 2012; Okene da Suberu, 2013).

Manazarta:


Abdullahi, O.E. (1992). Cultural and identity crisis among Ebira Adolescents. Ilorin Journal of Education Foundations. Journal of Faculty of Education. University of Ilorin. 12.50-55.

Abdulƙadir M.S. (2011). Islam in the Non-Muslim Areas of Northern Nigeria, c.1600-1960, Department of History, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. Ilorin Journal of Religious Studies, (IJOURELS) Vol.1 No.1, 2011, Pp.1-20.

Audu S.M. (2010). Politics and Conflicts in Ebiraland, Nigeria: The Need for a Centralised Leadership Since 1917.  Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa. Volume 12, No.1, 2010), ISSN: 1520-5509, Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, Pennsylvania.

Attadescendant (2013). The Ebira Traditional Marriage Rite. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: https://attadescendantforum.wordpress.com/2013/03/ 17/the-ebira-traditional-marriage-rite/

>David M.A. (2013). Ebira Youth Forum Association (E.Y.F.A). An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://ebirayouthforumassociation.blogspot.com.ng

/2013/05/history-of-ebira-people.html

Ekeh A. (2015). List of Traditional Marriage Requirements in Kogi. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: https://constative.com/people/lifestyle/list-of-traditional-marriage-requirements-in-kogi/

/>Haruna M. (2012). Historical Background of Kente (Aso-Oke) in Okene Local Government Area of Kogi State. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://culturenaija.blogspot.com.ng/2012/07/historical-background-of-kenteaso-oke.html/

Jimba M.M.M. (2012). Muslim of Kogi: A Survey. Nigeria Research Network (NRN), Oxford Department of International Deɓelopment, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford/

/Kwekudee (2014). Ebira People: The Most Outspoken, Talented and Hardworking People of Kogi State In Nigeria. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.com.ng/2014/03/ebira-people-most-outspoken-talented.html/

Lukman I. (2015) Ebira. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: http://docilepen.blogspot.com.ng/p/blog-page.html

Mohammed, A.R. (1984), History of the Spread of Islam in the Niger-Benue Confluence Area: Igalaland, Ebiraland and Lokoja c. 1900-1960. Ph.D thesis submitted to Bayero University, Kano.

Okene A.A. da Suberu O.A. (2013). The British Conquest of Ebiraland, North Central Nigeria 1886-1917: A Military Interpretation of Sources. Professor (History & International Studies) Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna, Africa’s Top Military University PMB 2109, Kaduna – Nigeria. American International Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 3 No. 6; June 2013.

Segun J. A. (2013). Politics and Conflicts: a Study of Ebiraland, Nigeria (1977-2007). Department of Political Science and International Relations, School of Social Sciences, College of Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.

Segun J. A. da Samuel O. (2010). Politics, Violence and Culture: The Ebira Tao Nigeria Experience. Bassey Andah Journal Vol3.

Tenuche M.S. (2002). Intra-Ethnic Conflict and Violence in Ebira Land, from the Selected Works of Marietu S Tenuche (PhD). Kogi State University, Anyigba.

Ukonga P.F.O. (2013). The imperatives of Ebira Unity of 40 million people to the development of Ebira Nation, Nigeria and sub Saharan Africa- A realistic perspectiɓe. Lecture delivered to the Ebira summit in Okene on the 30th March 2013.

Wikipedia (2016). Ebira People. An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebira_people



Masarautar Okene

Sarakuna Ƙasar Ibira

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