Ƙasar Hausa

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Ƙasar Hausa

Gabatarwa

Akwai maganganu dangane da wannan yanki na duniya da ake kira Ƙasar Hausa. Ƙasar Hausa, yanki ne da mafiya yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a gurin suke magana da yaren Hausa a matsayin yarensu na haihuwa, sai kuma 'yan sauran tsirarun yarurrukan da ba za a rasa ba, amma duk da cewa sauran yarurrukan da ke zaune a wannan yanki suna da nasu yare na haihuwa, to Hausa ce babban yaren da kowa yake magana da shi. Abun bai ma tsaya a iya asalin ƙasar Hausar ba a yau, a'a, ya ma mamaye dukkanin jahohin arewacin Najeriya guda goma sha tara. Babban yaren da ke sada tsakanin ƙanan ƙabilun da ke zaune a wannan yankin na arewacin Najeriya shi ne Hausa. Misali, idan ka shiga jahar Filato ko Nassarawa, za ka ci karo da ƙabilun da suna maƙwabtaka da juna amma wani baya jin yaren wani, to yaren da ke sada tsakaninsu shi ne Hausa.

Asali

Mai Girma Ɗanmasanin Kano, Alhaji (Dr.) Yusuf Maitama Sule, ya faɗi cewa, asalin Bahaushe daga Ƙasar Habasha ne. Sunan Hausa ya samo asali ne daga jirkata kalmar Habasha da aka yi zuwa Habsha daga ƙarshe kuma ta koma zuwa Hausa. Ya ƙarfafi wannan magana tasa da cewa kamanceceniya da aka samu bayan gudanar da bincike da aka yi tsakanin Ƙasar ta Habasha da kuma Ƙasar Hausa an samu cewa akwai kamanceceniya a abubuwa uku da suka haɗa da addini, suturu, da kuma yare.

Faɗin Ƙasa

Alhassan, Musa, da Zarruƙ (1982); da kuma Adamu (1997), sun ruwaito Shaihi Mahadi yana fasalta Ƙasar Hausa da cewa ta faro ne daga garuruwan Lalle da Asodu na arewa-maso-gabacin ƙasar Agadas, wanda a yau take cikin ƙasar Nijar. Wannan guri da ke cikin Nijar a yau, nan ne asalin gurin da Gobirawa suka taso. Daga kudanci kuma ta shafi ƙasashen Yawuri da Zazzau. Daga nan ta runtuma ta yi arewa-maso-gabas inda ta haɗiye Bauchi da Kano. Daga gabashi kuwa, Garun Gabas (Birom), ita ce ƙarshen Ƙasar Hausa. Da ta yi yamma kuwa sai ta tsaya a Filingue.

Ƙasar Hausa tana tsakanin layi na goma sha biyar (15 N) zuwa na goma sha takwas (18 N) na arewa da Ikwaita. Ƙasarta kuma tana tsakanin layi na takwas (8 N) da na goma sha biyu (12 E) a gabas da layin Girinwic.

Kenan idan muka duba bayanan da suka gabata, za mu ga cewa Ƙasar Hausa a yau tana cikin yankin Afirka ta Yamma a ƙasar Najeriya da Nijar. Za a samu wannan yanki a arewacin Najeriya da kuma wani yanki na Kudancin Nijar. Yanki ne da ya faro tun daga wani yanki na Kudancin Maraɗin Nijar, sannan ya runtuma gabas sai da ya yi iyaka da ƙasar Borno (tsohuwar daular Borno). Da ya yi yamma kuma sai da ya shiga wani yanki na ƙasar Dahome (ƙasar Binin) a gaɓar kogin Kwara, daga kudanci kuma ya yi iyaka da ƙasar Gwari (yankin Kaduna) da kuma kudancin Bauchi (Ƙwalli, 1996).

Sannan za mu iya cewa kenan, tsofaffin daulolin arewancin Najeriya da suka haɗa da Kano, Katsina, Daura, Zamfara, Gobir, Kabi (Kebbi), Yawuri, Sakkwato, Zazzau, da kuma arewacin jahar Bauchi, sai kuma garuruwan Ƙwanni, Damagaran, da sauransu da ke cikn Nijar, su ne asalin Ƙasar Hausa.

Yanayin Ƙasar Hausa

Ƙasar Hausa ƙasa ce shimfiɗaɗɗiya mai yawan sarari, tana da tsaunuka tsalli-tsalli. Akwai manyan koguna guda biyu da suka ratsa ta cikinta, kogin Rima da Kogin Haɗeja. Sannan kuma ta yi iyaka da kogin Kwara daga yamma. Shi kogin Rima ya taso ne daga ƙasar Zamfara, ya gangara arewa zuwa ƙasar Nijar, daga nan kuma sai ya juyo kudu ya biyo ta yamma da Sakkwato ya je ya faɗa cikin kogin Kwara. Kogin Haɗeja kuwa daga Kano ya fara, sai gangara ya yi gabas, ya ratsa ta Gashuwa, ya bi ta Gaidam ya je ya faɗa a tafkin Cadi.

Yanayin daji kuwa a ƙasar Hausa kala biyu, akwai dazuzzukan arewancin ƙasar da ya ke da yanayi na gajerun bishiyoyin da ke bushewa idan rani ya yi, sannan kuma idan damina tana gab da faɗuwa sai ya tofo, ya lirkif da ganye kore shar abun sha'awa. Waɗannan bishiyoyi ba a cunkushe suke ba, a'a, a warwatse suke, ɗaya-nan-ɗaya-can; irin wannan nau'in daji shi ake kira dajin Sahel. Sai kuma kudancin ƙasar da yake da nau'in dajin da ake kira Sabana, wanda shi bishiyoyinsa suna da duhu, tsawo, da kuma yawa, sannan kuma suna da kusanci da juna.

Dangane da lokaci kuwa, ƙasar Hausa tana da yanayin lokuta guda biyu, akwai damina sannan kuma akwai rani. Lokacin damina shi ne lokacin da ruwan sama ke zuba wanda a wannan lokaci ne jama'ar wannan yanki suke samu su yi shuka su kuma noma abincin da za su ci. Sannan kuma sai lokacin rani wanda shi ne yake farawa idan ruwan sama ya ɗauke. Wannan lokaci na rani ya kasu gida biyu, akwai lokacin ɗari (sanyi) da kuma lokacin zafi (bazara). Lokacin bazara lokaci ne da zafin rana yake tsananta, bishiyoyi da ciyayi suke bushewa, ruƙa yake ƙara yin nisa a ƙasa, ko yaya iska ta kaɗa, ƙura takan tashi, har ma wasu lokutan takan kai ga guguwa nan-da-can.

Manazarta:

Adamu M.T. (1997). Asalin Hausawa da Harshensu.

Adamu M. U. (2007). Kano Ƙwaryar Ƙira Matattarar Alheri Littafi na Ɗaya. Kano Daga Dutsen Dala. Kano Government Press, Kano.

Alhassan A., Musa U.I., da Zarruƙ R.M. (1982). Zaman Hausawa Don Makarantun Gaba da Firmare.

Ɗangambo A. (1984). Rabe-Raben Adabin Hausa da Muhimmancinsa ga Rayuwar Hausa. Maɗaba'ar Kamfanin 'Triumph', Gidan Sa'adu Zungur, Kano – Nigeria.

Fago S.I. da Usman Y.B. (2010). Issues in the Impact of Islam on Hausa Land in the 21st Century. The Nigerian Academic Forum Volume 19 No. 2 November, 2010.

Ingawa T.L. (2006). Katsina a History of an Ancient City. Hamdala Printing and Publishing.

Jinju M.H. (1990). Garkuwar Hausa da Tafarkin Ci Gaba. Fisbas Media Services Publications, Kaduna-Najeriya.

Kangiwa M.M. (2014). A short Historical Guide on Katsina National Monuments and Sites.

Ƙwalli K.M. (1996). Kano Jalla Babbar Hausa (Babu sunan gurin ɗab'i).

Northern Nigerian Publishing Company Ltd. (1979). Hausawa da Maƙwabtansu, Littafi na Ɗaya. Gaskiya Corporation, Zaria.

Northern Nigerian Publishing Company Ltd. (1979). Hausawa da Maƙwabtansu, Littafi na Biyu. Gaskiya Corporation, Zaria.

Umar M.B. (1987). Dangantakar Adabin Gargajiya da Al'adun Gargajiya. Maɗaba'ar Kamfanin Tirayomf, Gidan Sa'adu Zungur, Kano-Najeriya.

Wada M. (2011). History of Imamship of Kano. Published by: Tunlad Prints & Publishing Coy, No. 27/32, Beirut Road, Kano.

Yahaya I.Y., Zariya M.S., Gusau S.M. da 'Yar'aduwa T.M (1992). Darrusan Hausa Don Manyan Makarantun Sakandire, Littafi na Uku. University Press PLC, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Tattaunawa da Mai Girma Ɗanmasanin Kano, Alhaji (Dr.) Yusuf Maitama Sule, a ranar 14 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 2016.

Darrusan Hausa

  • Darrusan Hausa

    • Ƙasar Hausa

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