Nana Asma'u

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Zanen Hoton Nana Asma'u

Gabatarwa

Rayuwa mai albarka. Kyawun ɗa, ya gaji mahaifinsa, in ji masu iya magana. Rayuwa tana da faɗi, saboda haka kowane mutum yana da irin gudunmawar da zai iya bayarwa bakin gwargwado. Madalla da rayuwar da ta yi kamanceceniya da ta ‘yar Manzon Allah Nana Faɗimatu a lokacin ƙuruciya da tasowa. Sannan kuma ta juya kamar rayuwar Nana A’isha matar Manzon Allah (dukkansu Allah ya ƙara musu yarda) a bayan aure da kuma rasuwar mahaifinta.

Nana Asma’u, mace ce mai basira, himma, da kuma haziƙanci. Wannan baiwar Allah ta baiwa addininta na Musulunci gagarumar gudunmawa tun farkon kira har zuwa jihadin da aka kafa Daular Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiye. Nana Asma’u ta kasance mai ƙarfafawa mujahidai gwuiwa ta cikin waƙoƙinta, gawurtacciyar marubuciya, sannan kuma shahararriyar malama wacce ta karantar da darrusan Musulunci. Mace ta gari, uwa abar koyi. Madalla da Nana Asma’u.

Haihuwarta

Nana Asma'u 'yargidan Mujadaddadi Shehu Ɗanfodiye ce. An haifeta a garin Ɗagel cikin shekarar 1792. Sunan mahaifiyarta Maimunatu. An haife su tare da Hassan; wato 'yan biyu ce ita.

Girmanta

Nana Asma'u ta taso a gidan tarbiyya kuma ta samu tarbiyyar yadda ya kamata. Ta kasance mace mai nagarta, kunya, kawaici, haƙuri, da kuma biyayya. Waɗannan kyawawan halaye nata, su saka ta zama amintacciya a wajen mahaifinta Mujadaddadi Shehu Ɗanfodiye, karimiya a wajen yayanta Muhammadu Bello, kuma yardajjiya a wajen mijinta Waziri Giɗaɗo.

Wannan baiwar Allah ta buɗi ido a cikin Jihadi. Tun tana ƙarama mahaifinta ya zamo gawurtaccen mai wa'azin Musulunci. Da wayonta Sarki Yunfa ya saka jama'arsa suka farmaki almajiran Shehu ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mallam Abdussalami inda suka kama jama'a da yawa a matsayin bayi. Nana Asma'u ta sheda lokacin da waɗannan mayaƙan Gobirawa suka zo wucewa da waɗancan kamammun yaƙi ta gaban cincirindon jama'a wanda hakan ta saka wasu daga cikin almajiran Shehu musamman matasa suka kasa daurewa suka far musu har takai ga sun ƙwato wasu daga cikin 'yan'uwansu daga hannun mayaƙan Gobirawa. Mallam Abdullahi shi ya jagoranci waɗannan matasa na Shehu.

Bayan aukuwar wannan Nana Asma'u tana da wayo lokacin da Sarki Yunfa a turo wa da Shehu takarda cewa ya tattara ya-nasa-ya-nasa ya bar ƙasar Gobir. Sannan in zai tafi ya tafi da iyaka iyalansa kawai sauran almajiransa kuma ya barsu su ɗanɗana kuɗarsu a hannun mayaƙan Sarki Yunfa. Shehu Usman ya yarda ya bar ƙasar amma da dukkan almajiransa wanda kuma hakan ce ta faru. Nana Asma'u ta sheda wannan, a gabanta aka kawo raƙuma da dawakai a loda kayayyaki da littattafan mahaifinta dana sauran jama'arsa, tana kallo mahaifinta ya taka raƙumi ya haye tare da sauran almajiransa suka rankaya zuwa Gudu, garin da ke kan iyakar Gobir a wannan lokacin.

Washegari da safe, Nana Asma'u da sauran jama'a suma suka bi bayan waɗanda suka yi hijira tun da farko. Wannan abu ya yi daidai da abin da ya faru da Nana Faɗima 'yar Manzon Allah (S.A.W.) lokacin da ya yi hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina.

Bayan barin su garin Ɗegel zuwa Gudu ba jimawa, sarki Yunfa ya aika da tawagar yaƙi kan a murƙushe Shehu da almajiransa. Wannan shi ne abin da ya jawo aukuwar Jihadin Shehu inda ya shafi baki ɗayan ƙasar Hausa. Wannan Jihadi ya ɗauki shekaru ana yin sa inda daga ƙarshe Shehu da jama'arsa suka yi nasara akan sarakunan Gobir suka kafa Daular Musulunci ta Shehu Ɗanfodiye. Wannan jahadi duk da Nana Asma'u aka yi.

Aurenta

Nana Asma’u ta yi aure, ta kuma haifi ‘ya’ya shida. Na farkon su shi ne Abdulƙadir. Wannan nagartacciyar mace ta zama mata ga Waziri Giɗaɗo wanda amini ne ga wanta Muhammadu Bello, wanda shi ya zamo Wazirin Daular Shehu Ɗanfodiye bayan wanta Muhammadu Bello ya zama Sarkin Musulmi na biyu. Dama tun a baya shi ya kasance mashawarci ga Muhammadu Bello, inda ya riƙa kai-komo wajen kaiwa da karɓar saƙonni tsakani Shehu da Muhammadu Bello. Tsatson wannan baiwar Allah su suke riƙe da sarautar Wazircin Masarautar Sokoto.

Gudunmawarta

Nana Asma’u ta baiwa Musulunci gagarumar gudunmawa tun daga tasowarta har zuwa rasuwarta. Nana Asma’u ba za ta gaza zamowa mai taya aikin cikin gida ba lokacin da take ƙuruciya kamar irin su miƙawa babanki wannan, ɗauko wannan ki kai can, je ki kaiwa baƙi ruwa, da sauransu. Wannan na daga cikin tushen gudunmawar da ta fara badawa tun lokacin ana wa’azi har zuwa sanda ta riƙa rubuta waƙe dan ƙarfafawa mujahidai guiwa kawo wa lokacin da gidanta ya zama wata katafariyar makarantar koyar da matan aure. Ba tsallake na yi ba wajen gaya muku cewa lokacin da yanayi ya rincaɓe, aka samu gawarwaki da dama, Nana Asma’u ba zata gaza kasancewa daga cikin wanda ke bada gudunmawar da ta dace da mata ba a irin wannan halin. Kamar irin su girka abincin mujahidai, kula da marasa lafiya da sauran dangoginsu.

Jarumtakarta da Gogayyarta

Kasancewarta wacce ta taso a cikin rincaɓi tun daga kan yunƙurin kisan farko da aka yi wa mahaifinta lokacin da Sarkin Gobir Yunfa ya tura masa da sammaci, da ya je Gobir aka yi ƙoƙarin halaka shi Allah bai yi ba har zuwa hijira, jihadi da sauransu, dole ka ce Nana Asma'u jaruma ce. A gabanta ba labari aka bata ba, wasu sun mutu saboda yunwa, wasu rashin lafiya, wasu raunuka, wasu kuma a fagen fama, wannan bai hana Nana Asma'u kasancewa tare da mahaifinta ba ko ta yi tunanin gudu, a'a, sam! Ta tsaya ta jajirce, kuma ta dake. Kuma wannan ya bata cikakkiyar gogayyar rayuwa da sanin yadda za a fuskanci abubuwa idan sun durfafo.

Bayan haka Nana Asma'u ta bada gudunmawa wajen rubuce-rubuce, sannan kuma gidanta a Sokoto ya koma wata katafariyar makarantar karantar da mata. Babbar jami'a ta kafa a gida. Gurin da matan aure ke zuwa daga sassa daban-daban suna ɗaukar darrusa a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi. Wannan aiki shi ya kamanta ta da Nana A'isha 'Yar Sayyidina Abubakar (Allah yaƙara musu yarda), kuma matar Manzon Allah (S.A.W.). Wacce ta zama mai karantar da sahabbai bayan wafatin Manzon Allah (S.A.W.) har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta.

Rubuce-rubucenta

Rubutacciyar Waƙar Nana Asma'u

Duk da irin ɗawainiyoyin da ke kan Nana Asma'u na kula da maigida, 'ya'ya da kuma babban aikin karantarwa, Nana Asma'u bata yi ƙasa a gwuiwa ba wajen rubuce-rubuce. Littattafan da ta rubuta an gaza ƙididdige yawansu saboda wasu dalilai.

Wannan gogaggiyar marubuciya ta rubuta littattafai a fannoni da yawa cikin harsunan Fulfulde, wanda shi ne yarenta na gado, Larabci da kuma Hausa. Tana amfani da salon waƙe a cikin rubuce-rubucenta dan yiwa mayaƙa kirari da nufin ƙarfafa musu guiwa, da kuma siffanta kyawawan halayen wanda ya mutu dan ya zama abun koyi ga na baya. Sannan wasu littattafan nata kuma zunzurutun wa'azi ne da take kiran mutane zuwa ga addini a cikinsu. Wasu kuma tuba take ga Allah dan ya gafarta mata ta sigar waƙe. Daga cikin irin waƙoƙin da ta rera akwai wacce ta yi wa jaruman da suka tafi Ɗunɗaye da nufin ƙarfafa musu guiwa a lokacin da Sarkin Azbin (Sarkin Auzinawa) ya zo Sokoto da nufin yaƙi.

Mafiya yawa daga cikin waɗannan rubuce rubuce nata sun ɓace, saboda wasu dalilai kamar irin su cin gara saboda daɗewa. Amma duk da haka nan, jikanta Alhaji Dr. Junaidu, wazirin Sokoto ya adana wasu a gidanta har zuwa 1975 (August, 1975), inda ya damƙa su ga Jean Boyd da nufin ta juya ta dawo da su. Kuma hakan aka yi. Wannan ma shi ne sanadiyyar yaɗuwar littattafan nata. Daga cikin jerin littattafan da ta rubuta akwai:

Allah ba mu Nasara (Fulfulde).
Alƙur'ani (Fulfulde).
Sufiyar Mace (Fulfulde).
Ka Gafarta min (Fulfulde).
Tarihin Shehu (Hausa).
Musulunci, Sokoto da Wurno (Fulfulde).
Dan Yalli (Fulfulde).
Gargaɗi na Biyu (Hausa).
Yabon Mutafa (Fulfulde).
Yabon Bello (Fulfulde).
Yabon Bello (Hausa).
Yabon Giɗaɗo (Fulfulde). Da sauransu.

Rasuwarta

Nana Asma'u ta rasu a shekarar 1864. An rufe ta a Hubbaren Shehu a kusa da mahaifinta.

Makwancin Nana Asma'u

Manazarta:

Adamu M. et al. (1981). Great Lives, Book one. Ministry of Education, Sokoto. Printed by Uniɓersity Press Limited, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Kabir. H. M. (2010). Northen Women Development, A Focus on Women in Northern Nigeria. Printed by, Print Serve Limited, Lagos-Nigeria.

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