Yaƙin Turawa a Sakkwato

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Shafin Farko

Yaƙin Turawa a Sakkwato


Gabatarwa

Tun farkon lamari, Turawan Ingilishi suke haƙon birnin Sakkwato, saboda zamowarsa cibiyar Daular Usmaniyya, wacce Turawa ke ganin, hamɓarar da ita, shi ne zai kai su ga samun nasarar baza fuka-fukansu na mulkin mallaka a duk faɗin Ƙasar Hausa da sauran masarautun da ke ƙarƙashin wannan Daula baki ɗaya.

Saboda haka tun bayyanar Clapperton a gaban Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Ballo, a cikin shekarar 1824, Turawan suke leƙen asiri tare da hilatar yadda za su karya lagon daular wacce dukkan farfajiyar Ƙasar Hausa take cikinta.

A ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekarar 1903; shekaru 99 da kenan bayan kafa daular, aka gwabza yaƙin da ya durƙusar da Daular ta koma ƙarƙashin Turawa.

Rundunar mayaƙan Birtaniya da ta je wannan yaƙin, ta ƙunshi manya-manyan hafsoshin soja guda 25, N.C.O. guda 5, likitocin soja guda 2, likitan N.C.O. guda 1, maɗauka bindiga guda 68, sojojin musamman guda 656, sojojin kareya guda 400, bindigogin musamman guda 4 da kuma zungura-zunguran bindigogi masu tsawon milimita 75 guda 4. Kamar yadda na ruwaito daga Bala (2015), da kuma Audu da Osuala (2015).

Mayaƙan na Birtaniya sun fara yada zango a garin Ƙauran Namoda a kan hanyar tasu ta zuwa Sakkwato kafin su ratsa ta garuruwan Argungu da Shagari sannan suka dira a Sakkwato. Kamar yadda Audu da Osuala (2015), suka yi ƙarin haske.

Bayan da mayaƙan na Birtaniya suka isa garin Sakkwato, sai rundunar mayaƙan Sakkwatawa ita ta fito da manufa ta kare wannan daula ta Usmaniyya. An ƙiyasta adadin mayaƙan na Sakkwato da cewa sun kai mutane 6000; 2000 mahaya dawakai, 4000 kuma sojojin ƙasa da suka haɗa da ‘yan baƙa, ‘yan bindiga da sauransu.

Da farkon fara yaƙin, mayaƙan Sakkwato sun jure wa hare-haren Turawan, amma daga ƙarshe saboda tsufan makaman da Sakkwatawan ke ɗauke da su waɗanda su ne masu, kwari da baka, takkuba, bindigar harbi-ka-ruga da sauransu, sai ya zama Turawa sun yi galaba a kansu; suka tarwatsa gayyar, mutane suka tsere.

Bayan  fasa wannan runduna ta mayaƙan Sakkwato da Turawa suka yi, sai Sarkin Musulmi Attahiru I ya karkata linzamin dokinsa zuwa Gabas, saura kuma suka bishi wasu kuma suka tsaya. Daga nan sai ya nufi yin gudun hijira. Wannan mataki na gudun hijira dama malaman Sakkwato sun tattauna shit un kafin zuwan Turawan da kuma gwabza wannan yaƙi.

Fitattun malamai da suka haɗa da Ƙari Abdallah da Ƙari Ahmad bn Sa’ad su suka fitar da hukunce-hukunce guda uku: Yaƙar rundunar Turawa; gudun hijira ko kuma janyewa cikin hikima kamar irin yadda Annabi (SAW) ya fice daga Makkah zuwa Madina a lokacin da zai yi hijira; ko kuma yin sulhu bisa dogaro da abubuwan da suka zo a littattafan Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiye mai suna al-masa’il al-muhimmah da kuma Bayanul wujubu al-hijira ala al-ibad. Kamar yadda ya zo a Bala (2015).

Sannan kuma kafin barin sarkin Musulmin Sakkwato ya aika jakadu zuwa sassan kusa dana nesa na daular da saƙon cewa, kar su yadda su rayu ƙarƙashin shugabancin kafirai, su biyo shi zuwa Gabas domin gudun hijira tare da manya-manyan waziran daular da nufin samun mafaka; musamman duwatsu, inda za su sake haɗa ƙarfin mayaƙan da za su kori sojojin Birtaniya, su sake dawowa da martabar daular. Kamar yadda Bala (2015), ya naƙalto daga Ƙari Abdallah.

A cikin jama’ar da suka koma cikin garin Sakkwato daga filin daga, akwai Muhammad Attahiru abin yiwa laƙabi da Attahiru II. Saboda haka sai turawa suka naɗa shi a matsayin sabon sarkin Musulmi a ranar 21 ga watan Maris na shekarar 1903.

Bayan kammala wannan naɗi, sai Turawan suka ce ta zama bata same su ba. Saboda haka suka yi shiri suka bi bayan rundunar sarkin Musulmi Attahiru I. Amma kafin Turawan su taras da rundunar ta girmama, saboda amsa wancan umarni na sarkin Musulmi da jama’a suka yi. Duk da cewa, ba za rasa waɗanda suka ƙi amsa umarnin ba. Amma masarautu kamar Kano da Dutse duk sun bi. Kamar yadda ya zo a NNPC (2007), Sanusi (2009),  da Kuma Abubakar (2011).

Tun farkon tafiyar Sarkin Kano Alu Maisango zuwa Sakkwato, akkwai Sarkin Dutse Abdulƙadir III (1901 – 1903) a cikin tagawar. Saboda haka a lokacin da sarki Alu ya juya zuwa Sakkwato tare suka juya. Sannan kuma bayan tasowar tawagar gudun hijirar, an samu dandazon mutanen Dutse da suka shiga rundunar Sarkin Musulmi Attahiru I aka yi gudun hijirar da su.

Biyon bayan wannan ruduna ta masu gudun hijira da Turawa suka yi, basu iya cim-musu ba sai a garin Bebeji, garin da ya sake zama filin gwabzawa da Turawa a karo na biyu a cikin wannan shekara. A nan Turawan suka yi yunƙurin datse tawagar ta sarkin Musulmi amma abin ya ci tura. Haka Musulmi suka tarwatsa wannan runduna ta Turawa, suka cigaba da tafiya.

Haka nan dai abubuwa suka cigaba, Musulmi suna cigaba da tafiya, Turawa suna biye da su suna datse su, su kuma suna tarwatsa su har Allah ya kai wannan mayaƙa na Musulmi zuwa garin Burma, ko kuma Dutsin Bima kamar yadda ya zo a mabambantan ruwayoyi; wasu su ce Burma wasu kuma su ce Dutsin Bima.

A arangamar farko da aka yi, Musulmi sun samu nasarar ragargazar sojojin Ingila. Har ta kai ga sojojin sun ɗebe tsammanin samun galaba. Saboda haka suka tura ƙasar Salo (Sierra lion); Yankin Gwal (Gold-Cost), wato Ghana kenan; Legas da kuma Kudancin Najeriya aka turo musu da ƙarin sojoji da makamai.

Isowar waɗannan sojoji na taron dangi wannan gari na Burmi a sati na uku na watan Juli (July), sai suka yi dirar mikiya a kan mayaƙan Musulmi a ranar 27 ga watan na Juli. Mayaƙan na Musulunci sun yi iya bakin ƙoƙarinsu su jurewa wannan yaƙi amma abin ya ci tura. Daga ƙarshe Turawan suka samu nasarar harbin Sarkin Muslumi Attahiru a goshi. Harbin da ya sabauta mutuwarsa.

Wannan rasuwa ta Sarki Attahiru I a wannan fagen fama, ita ta haifar da tarwatsewar dubban jama’ar da ke wannan filin daga. Sannan kuma shi ne ya kawo samun nasarar Turawa game da murƙushe wannan da Daula Shehu Usmanu a matakin ƙarshe. Kuma ita ce ta kafa mulkin-mallaka a Ƙasar Hausa.

Manazarta:


Abubakar A. Y. (2011). Maitama Sule Ɗanmasanin Kano. Ahmadu Bello Uniɓersity Press, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Audu M. S. da Osuala U. S. (2015). The Biritish Conƙuest and Resistance of Sokoto Caliphate, 1897 – 1903: Crisis, Conflict and Resistance. Department of History and International Studies, Federal Uniɓersity Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria. Historical Research Letter. Ɓol. 22, 2015, ISSN 2224 – 3178.

Bala A. A. (2015). The Impact of Colonisation in Uprooting Islamic Ploity and Introducing Circularism in Northern Nigeria. Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Art and Islamic Studies, Usman Ɗanfodiyo Uniɓersity, Sokoto, Nigeria. E-Proceedings on Arabic Studies and Islamic Ciɓilization, iCASIC 2015 (E-ISBN 978-967-0792-02-6), 9 – 10 March 2015, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

NNPC (2007). Hausawa da Maƙwabtansu (2). Northern Nigerian Publishing Company, Gaskiya Building, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Sanusi N. M. (2009). Stories of Dutse Palace, 1421 – 2009. Jigawa State Printing Press, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria.

Rodney W. (1973). How Europe Under Deɓeloped Africa. Bogle-L ‘Ouɓerture Publications, London and Tanzanian Publishing House, Dar-Es-Salam.

Yahaya I. Y., Zariya M. S., Gusau S. M. da ‘Yar’aduwa T. M. (2006). Darrusan Hausa Don Manyan Makarantun akandire 3. Uniɓersity Press PLC, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Zarruƙ R. M., Kafin Hausa A. A. da Alhassan B. S. Y. (2010). Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Don Ƙananan Makarantun Sakandire, Littafi na Ɗaya. Uniɓersity Press PLC, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Darrusan Hausa

  • Darrusan Hausa

  • Zuwan Turawa


    Ƙasar Hausa



    Musulunci


    Tarbiyya


    Bukukuwa


    Wasanni


    Kayan Kiɗan Hausa



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