Shafin Farko

Fulani

Gabatarwa

Fulani, suna ne na ƙabilar Fulɓe a Hausance. Ƙabila ce wadda take magana da harshen Fullanci ko Fulatanci abin da su Fulanin da kansu suka kira Fulfulde. Sannan kuma wannan kalma ta Fullanci ko Fulatanci tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta halayyyar Fulani ta kunya, jarumtaka, haƙuri da makamantasu.

Amma asalin sunan nasu shi Fullo ga mutum ɗaya, jama’unsa kuma Fulɓe, yaren kuma Fulfulde.

Fulani mutane ne da suka yi fice wajen kiwon dabbobi da kuma rayuwar daji duk kuwa da cewa adadin Fulanin dajin waɗanda su ne makiyaya waɗanda aka ƙiyasta adadinsu da miliyan goma sha biyu ko goma sha uku (Wikipedia, 2019), bai kai na sauran Fulanin ba waɗanda ake ganin sun kai kimanin miliyan 38 zuwa 40 (Wikipedia, 2019) a jimillance. Wato idan aka cire 12 daga cikin 38 ko kuma 13 daga cikin 40 za mu ga ko rabi ma adadin bai kai ba.

Duk da cewa, a yanzu akwai wasu manyan madafun iko da Fulani suke riƙe da su a duniya, ana kuma yi musu kallon cewa su suka fi kowace ƙabila yawan makiyaya a duniya.

Daga cikin irin waɗancan madafun iko da Fulani suke riƙe da su a duniya akwai manya-manyan guda bakwai: Uku da ciki na shugabanci ƙasa; ɗaya ta mataimakin shugaban ƙasa, sai kuma guda ɗaya ta babban sakatare da kuma guda ɗaya ta mataimakin babban sakatare da kuma ɗaya ta shugabancin sarakunan gargajiya waɗanda Fulani suke riƙe da su a duniya.

Kujerun shugabancin ƙasa su ne Najeriya, shugaba Muhammadu Buhari; Senegal, Macky Sall; sai kuma Gambia Adama Barrow. Kujerar mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Salo da Mohammed Juldeh Jalloh yake riƙe da ita.

Sannan kuma su ne suke riƙe da kujerar babban sakataren ƙungiyar ƙasashe masu arziƙin man-fetur wato OPEC, wacce Mohammed Sanusi Barkinɗo yake zaune a kanta da kuma kujerar mataimakiyar babban sakataren Majalisar Ɗinkin duniya wacce Amina J. Mohammed take zaune daram a kai.

Sai kuma kujerar shugaban majalisar sarakunan gargajiya ta Najeriya wacce Sarkin MusulmiAlhaji Muhammad Sa’adu Abubakar IIIyake riƙe da ita.

Mutane ne masu zuzzurfan ilimin addinin Musulunci tare kuma da kishinsa. Sun bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen yaɗa ilimin addinin Musulunci tare kuma da jaddada shi musamman aƘasar Hausawadda a yanzu take cikin Najeriya.

Suna

Fulani suna da sunaye da dama da ake kiransu su da su. Ga wasu daga ciki kamar haka:

Bahaushe yana kiransu da Fulani a jimillance, Bafulatani kuma mutum ɗaya; Kanuri suna kiransu da Fullata suna kuma bambance iya Fulanin Barno da Fullata Barno, wato Bafulatani ko Fulanin Barno kenan. Wikipedia (2019) sun wallafa cewa, Bature yana kiransu da Fulani ko Fula; Bafaranshe kuma ya ce Peul ko Peulh.

Amma sunansu na asali wanda suke kiran kansu da shi, shi ne Fulɓe, jama’u kenan, Fullo kuma mutum ɗaya, yaren kuma suna kiransa Fulfulde. Kodayake, Abdullahi bn Fodiye da kuma Muhammadu Ballo sun kira su da suna Turudbbe (تُورُدبّ ) a Larabce.

Asali

A bisa ruwaya mafi inganci wacce ta fito dagaShehu Usmanu ɗan Fodiye kamar yadda ya zo a Abdullahi Al-Illori (1978) da kuma abin da ya zo a Abdullahi ɗan Fodiye wanda aka fi sani da Abdullahin Gwandu, da kuma abin da ya zo aMuhammadu Ballo(1774 – 1842), shi ne cewa su Fulani asalin su daga Rumawa ne ta ɓangaren kakarsu mace sannan kuma Larabawa ta ɓangaren Kakansu namiji. Wannan shi ne abin da suka ce sun ji daga kakaninsu da kuma malamansu amintattu.

Akwai wani sahabin Annabi (SAW) mai suna Uƙubatu, shi ne ya je garin Futa Toro, garin da Fulanin suke da zama a lokacin, a zamanin da Amru bn Aas yake gwamnan Masar a zamanin Khalifancin Umar bn Khaɗɗab (RA), ya kai jahadin Musulunci amma sai Fulanin suka Musulunta ba tare da an yi yaƙi ba. Daga baya kuma sarkin nasu ya aurar da ‘yarsa mai suna Ɓajjomaggu ga shi Uƙubatu ibn Aamir ko Uƙbatu ibn Nafi’ ko Uƙubatu ibn Yasir. Daga baya suka haifi ‘ya’ya huɗu tare waɗanda shi Uƙubatu ya tafi ya bar su tare da mahaifiyarsu. Saboda haka sai suka tashi da harshen mahaifiyarsu wanda shi ne Fullanci. Wannan magana ta tashi da harshen mahaifiyarsu ita ce ruyawar da Abdullahi bn Fodiye ya yarda da ita. Ana iya dubawa a cikin littafinsa mai suna Tazyinul Waraƙaati shafi na 32/33.

Ita kuwa Ɓajjomaggu da mahafinta mutanen Rumu ne, wanda suna ne na daula mai ƙarfi kafin zuwan Musulunci. A yanzu wannan yanki shi ake kira da Italiya. Sunan an samo shi daga Ruma, wani jikan Annabi Ibrahim wanda mutane biyu ne tsakaninsa da Annabi Ibrahim kamar haka; Ruma ɗan Isi ɗan Ishaƙa ɗan Ibrahim.

Daga wannan mazauni nasu wato Futa Toro suka warwatsu a duniya. Kamar yadda za mu gani a muhallin da ya dace.

Abudllahi Gwandu ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa mai suna Tazyinul Waraƙaati wanda ya rubuta a shekarar (1807A.D.) aka kuma wallafi shi a shekarar (1956) a shafi na 31 na littafin ya bayyana cewa: “Kasantuwar Uƙubatu ibni Aamir Mujahidi wanda ya buɗe garuruwan Yamma (Afrika) a zamanin Amri bnil Aasiy a cikin Masar, ya kai gare su (Fulani). Su kuma ƙabilace daga cikin ƙabilun Rumawa. Sai sarkinsu ya Musulunta ba tare da yaƙi ba. Uƙubatu ya auri ‘yar sarkinsu Ɓajjomaggu, sai ta haifi dukkan Fulani”. Sannan ya ci gaba da cewa: “Haƙiƙa mun san cewa Ruma ɗan Isi ɗan Ishaƙa ɗan Ibrahim Allah ya yarda da su. Mahaifiyarsa (Ruma) kuma ita ce Nasmatu ‘yar Isma’ila alaihisallam”.

Sai kuma abin da Abdullahi bn Fodiye ya naƙalto daga Ma’abocin Nasaba biyu cewa ya faɗa a cikin littafinsa mai suna Tanwiiri cewa: “Annabi Isma’ila (AS) ya haifi ‘ya’ya goma sha biyu maza, da kuma ‘ya mace guda ɗaya. daga cikin ‘ya’yansa Allah ya samar da Larabawa dukkaninsu. A lokacin da gargarar mutuwa ta kama shi sai ya yi wa ɗan’uwansa wasici da aurar da ‘yarsa Nasmata ga Iisin. Sai ya aurar da ita gare shi. ita kuma ta haifa masa Ruma”.

Shi kuwa Muhammadu Ballo ya bayyana sababin auren Uƙubatu da Ɓajjomaggu a cikin littafinsa mai suna Infaƙul Maisuri, shafi na 221/222 wanda aka wallafa a shekarar 1964 da cewa bayan Fulani sun karɓi Musulunci ba tare da yaƙi ba kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, sai rundunar mayaƙan ta yi nufin ta koma gida, sai su Fulanin suka buƙaci da a bar musu ɗaya daga cikin masu jihadin ya karantar da su addinin Musulunci tun da dai su basu da iliminsa. Ga abin da ya ce: “Kun zo mana da addini, mu kuma ba mu san shi ba, ku bar mana wanda zai karantar da mu. Sai aka bar musu Uƙubatu bn Yasir ko Uƙubatu bn Aamir ko Uƙubatu bn Nafi’. Sai ya zauna yana karantar da su addini da shari’o’i. Sai sarkin Fulani ya aura masa ‘yarsa Ɓajjomaggu, sai ta haifa masa ‘ya’ya guda huɗu”, ababen rubutawa a Larbce kamar haka: (ددعتط، نلس، وى، رعرب ). Wazirin Sakkwato Muhammadu Junaidu wanda yake shi kuma jika ne ga Nana Asma’u ɗiyar Shehu Ɗanfodiye ya rubuta su a bokwance kamar haka: “Dieta, Woya, Roroba da kuma Nasi”. Sai Muhammadu Ballo ya ci gaba da cewa: “Sannan sai shi Uƙubatu ya koma gida har sai da ya sadu da Masar. Ya bar ‘ya’yansa tare da mafiyarsu”.

Rabe-Raben Fulani

An karkasa Fulani zuwa kashi uku bisa la’akari da yanayin gurin zamansu (Wikipedia 2019; Britannica, 2019; Al-Illori, 1978).

  1. Mazauna Gari: Su ne Fulanin da ke zaune a cikin gari da kuma birane. Suna iya zama da kowace ƙabila su koyi yarenta, da al’adunta da sana’ointa su kuma yi auratayya a duk gurin da suka samu kansu. Akwai kyawawan misalai game da wannan a ƙasar Hausa, Nupe da kuma Ilori ta jahar Kwara duk a Najeriya. Wannan yanayi nasu kuma yakan sabauta su ma manta da asalin harshen nasu da al’adunsu. A yau idan ka duba baki ɗayan Ƙasar Hausa, Nupe da Kwara duk sarakunansu Fulani ne in banda Daura kaɗai.
  2. Fulani Makiyaya: Su ne Fulanin da ake yi wa laƙabi da Bororo (Al-Illori, 1978). Fulani ne da ke yawo daga guri zuwa wani gurin. Basu da takamaiman gurin zama guda ɗaya. Kullum a tafe suke suna ƙoƙarin samawa dabbobinsu na kiwo guri mafi yalwar abinci. Suna kiwata shanu, awaki, tumaki, kaji, zabi da sauransu.

    Wikipedia (2019) sun ruwaito cewa, an ƙiyasta cewa akwai Fulani makiyaya sama da miliyan goma sha biyu ko goma sha uku a duniya. Adadin da ya sa suka zama ƙabilar da ta fi kowace ƙabila a duniya yawan makiyaya.  

  3. Mazauna Ƙauye: Su ne Fulanin da ke zaune a ƙauye yawanci kusa da gari wasu lokutan kuma a cikin daji suna gudanar da sana’arsu ta kiwon dabbobi da kuma sayar da nonon dabbobin da man shanu. Suna rayuwa iri biyu, rayuwar makiyaya da manoma, sannan kuma a lokaci guda suna zaune waje guda.

Addini

Fulani mutane ne Musulmi duk da cewa ba za a rasa Kason da bai kai ya tsole idanu ba da suke yin wani addinin kamar Kiristanci da sauransu. Ana ganin kusan sama da kashi casa’in da biyar na Fulani Musulmi ne.

Fulani sun bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen yaɗa addinin Musulunci da kuma jaddada shi a Yammacin Nahiyar Afrika. Tun kusan ƙarni na biyar suka Musulunta a garin Futa Toro.

Fulani Wangarawa, su suka kawo karatunAlƙur’ani Kanoa zamani sarkin Kano Ali Yaji (1349 – 1385). Wanda ya zuwa yau ɗin nan (2019), shekaru kusan ɗari shida da saba’in kenan. Sannan kuma sun taimaka wajen jaddada addinin a duk faƙin Ƙasar Hausa da maƙwabtanta a zamaninJahadin Musulunsi na Shehu ɗan Fodiye wanda aka yi a shekarar 1803 – 1807.

Ƙasashen da Fulani ke da Ƙarfi

Ana samun Fulani a warwatse a ƙasashen duniya amma sun fi yawa a ƙasashenAfrikada suka haɗa da: Mouritania, Ghana, Senegal, Guinea, Gambia, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leaone, Benin, Burkina Faso, Guenea Bissau, Cameroon, Chad, Ivory Coast, African Republic, Liberia, Sudan, Egypt da sauran abin da ba za a rasa ba.

Manazarta

Al-Illori A. A. (1987). Al-Islami Fiy-Nijeriya wa Sheikh Usmanu Bn Fodiyo Al-Fullanniy Al-Mujahidul Islamiyl Akbar Bi-Garb Ifrƙiyya Wal-Jaddil A’ala Asshahiid Ahmad Ballo. Markazul Ta’alimul Arbiy Al-Islamiy, Agege-Nijeriya.

Ballo M. (1964). Infaƙul Maisuri fiy Taarikhil Biladil Takrur. Daarul Kutub, 1974.

Boyi U.M. (2007). Mallama Abdullahi Ɗan Fodiyo, Rayuwarsa da Ayyukansa. Maɗaba’ar K.U.B. da ke Sakkwato.

Britannica (2019). Fulani. An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fulani

Fodiye A. (1807). Tazyinul Waraƙaati. Wallafar Mallam Abubakar Usman da Alhaji Abdurrahman bn Alhaji Abubakar, Sakkwato 1956.

Junaidu M. (2007). Tarihin Fulani Daga Waizirin Sakkwato. Northern Nigerian Publishing Company LTD, Zariya, Kaduna-Nigeria.

Wikipedia (2019). Fula People. An ciro a shekarar 2019 daga shafin https:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_people