Shafin Farko

Kanuri

Gabatarwa

Kanuri /kəˈnuːri/ suna ne na wata ƙabila daga cikin manyan ƙabilun Arewacin Najeriya, waɗanda suka taɓa kafa ɗaya daga cikin dauloli guda biyu mafiya girma a duk faɗin Afirka ta yau.

Mutane ne da suka samo asali daga Yemen (Abubakar, 2017; Ballo, 1974). Suna da matuƙar riƙo da al’adunsu na gargajiya, addini, karɓar baƙi da kuma uwa-uba hidimtawa Alƙur’ani da masu hulɗa da shi da suka shafi koyo, koyarwa, hadda, rubutawa da kuma masu karanta shi. Babban garin su; wato Maiduguri, ana yi masa kallon matsugunni ko kuma masaukin mahaddata da kuma makaranta Alƙur’ani. Akwai wata kalma ko kuma lambar girmamawa da suke bai wa duk mutumin da ya ƙware matuƙa gaya wajen karanta Alƙur’ani; Goni wanda da Hausa ake cewa Gwani. A wata tattaunawa da muka yi da wani matashi mai suna Ibrahim Hassan a ranar Talata 3 ga watan Julin shekarar 2019 a Tsangayar Goni Muhammad Sa’adu Ngamdu, ya shaida mana cewa, idan mutum ya je irin guraren zaman hira da matasa ke taruwa a garin Maiduguri, a mafiya yawa daga cikin irin waɗannan guraren akan samu mutum ɗaya daga cikin matasa goma da yake haddacin Alƙur’ani ne. Maganar da ya faɗa tare kuma da ƙarfafa ta da cewa, “Kuma hadda cikakkiya ba kame-kame ba”.

Daga cikin kyawawan al’adun Kanurai ababen ambato akwai girmama na gaba, zaman lafiya da kuma haƙuri da juna. Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya; wato Home of Peace (Wikipedia, 2016; Sean, 2013; Naijaface, 2010), a Turance, ita ce inkiyar da ake yi wa jahar Borno wadda take ita ce babbar Jahar Kanurai.  

Manufar wannan rubutu da ka ke karantawa ita ce yin bayani bakin gwargwado game da suna, asali, da kuma wasu daga cikin kyawawan halayen mutanen da suke kiran kansu da suna Kanuri, Bahaushe kuma yake kiransu da sunan Barebari.

Mun yi bakin ƙoƙari wajen ganin mun kawo wa mai karatu abin da ya inganta daga abin da za mu rubuta ta hanyar zurfafa bincike, tambayoyi da kuma ziyarar gani da ido; wato cil-da-cil, ganin Annabin tsohuwa. Muna fatan wannan rubutu ya zama fitilar da za ta haskaka zuciyar masu neman sanin haƙiƙanin tarihin Ƙabilar Kanurai. A sha karatu lafiya.


Yaran Kanurai a Cikin Rigar Gargajiya

Suna

Dakta Babagana Abubakar, ya ce: “Sunan Kanuri haɗaɗɗe ne daga wasu kalmomin Kanuri guda biyu; wato KA wadda ke da ma’ana ta sanda, da kuma NURI, mai ma’anar haske, wadda ita kuma tushenta shi ne Larabci, Nur”. Waɗannan kalmomi, KA da NURI su aka haɗa suka zama Kanuri.

Dalilin samuwar wannan suna, Kanuri, kamar yadda Dakta Babagana Abubakar ya ci gaba da bayyanawa, shi ne cewa a farkon lamari su Kanurai sun kasance mutane ne makiyaya masu riƙe da sanda, sannan kuma fuskarsu tana haske. Saboda haka a ƙoƙarinsu na bambance su daga cikin sauran ƙabilun gurin da suke suma makiyayan ne, sai wata ƙabila mai suna Sau suka riƙa kiransu da wannan suna Kanuri. Wato kenan idan abin mu kwatanta ne sai mu iya cewa, mutane masu kama da haske waɗanda suke riƙe da sanda.

Amma a tattaunawar mu da Abba Kura, wani matashi a Unguwar Bulunkutu Abuja, a cikin garin Maiduguri a ranar Juma’a 31 ga watan Mayu, 2019, ya bayyana mana cewa, asalin sunan Kanuri gauraye ne na kalmomin Larabci guda biyu; KAL da kuma NUR waɗanda idan aka haɗe su suke zama KAN-NURI a bisa ƙa’idar Larabci, waɗanda kuma za a iya fassara su da kamar haske; kamar yadda muka ji daga kakaninmu. Daga baya kuma aka jirkita su suka koma Kanuri.

Kenan Idan muka yi wa wannan suna fassara ta kwatance sai mu ce, mutane masu kama da haske. Kenan, akwai kusanci a tsakanin waɗannan maganganu guda biyu; Babagana da kuma Abba Kura.

Sai dai, Hausawa da kuma Yarabawa; amma na Ilori kawai, suna kiran su da sunaye Barebari da kuma Baruba. Abin da za a iya danganta shi da sunan da Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Ballo (1974), ya kira su da shi, cewa: “Waɗannan Barbar ɗin, ragowar Barbar ɗin da suka rayu ne a tsakankanin ƙasashen Arewacin Afirka da kuma Habasha…” Wannan shi ne sunan da Bahaushe ya jirkita shi zuwa Barebari, shi kuma Bayaraben Ilori ya ce Baruba. Wannan kuma saboda kusancin su duka biyun ne da Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Ballo, albarkacin Jahadin Shehu Ɗanfodiye wanda Hausawa da Yarabawan duk abin ya shafe su.

Wannan suna na Kanuri, shi ne sunan da ƙabilu da yawa suke kiran su da shi. Musamman ma Sau, Larabawa, Kotoko, Sudaniyawa, Turawa, Itofiyawa, Turkawa, Mandarawa, Marghi, Babur, Karekare, Ngizem da sauransu.

Haka nan kuma ana kiran su da wasu sunayen mabambanta. Wasu Ƙabilun Chadi da Sudan da suka haɗa da Najdi, Baggara da kuma Hejazi suna kiransu da suna Barnowaji; Fulani kuma suna kiran su da Kolejo.

Asali

Magana mafi shahara ita ce cewa, Kanurai mutanen Yemen ne. Dakta Babagana Abubakar, ya faɗa a cikin muƙalarsa ta Turanci, Kanuri Complete, wadda aka wallafa a shekarar 2017 a shafin Intanet na Mujallar Ƙasa-da-ƙasa mai suna Research Gate, cewa: “Kanurai sun zo ne daga Zirin Yankin Larabawa (Arabian Peninsula) sannan suka zauna a wani guri mai tazarar kusan kilomita 640 daga arewacin Tafkin Chadi wanda daga baya ya zama ƙasaitacciyar daular Kanem-Bornu”.

Sannan kuma Sarkin Musulmi Muhammad Ballo (1974), ya ce: “Waɗannan Barebarin, ragowar Barebarin da suka rayu ne a tsakankanin ƙasashen Arewacin Afirka da kuma Habasha.  Su ne waɗanda Humayyar (Sunan ƙabila ne) suka kora daga Yemen…” Wanda kuma a ƙarshen bayanin nasa ya ƙare da cewa: “…Sannan suka gangaro Kanem, suka zaune ta…”

A cikin wata tattaunawa da muka yi da Dakta Shekarau Angyu, Masa-Ibi, Aku-Uka na Wukari, a ranar Asabar 19/08/2017, a fadarsa da ke Wukari, ya shaida mana cewa: “Asalinmu daga Yemen ne. Mun taho tare da ‘yan’uwanmu Kanurai muka rabu da su a Ngazargamau”.  

Rabe-Raben Kanuri

A farkon lamari, Yaren Kanuri kala ɗaya ne tal! Amma sannu a hankali sakamakon yanayin siyasar rayuwa da ta haddasa gaurayuwar Kanurai da wasu baƙin yarurrukan kodai ta hanyar zuwansu garuruwan Kanurai ko kuma zuwan Kanurai wasu garurwan ya haifar da hayayyafar wannan yare inda har ta kai ga an samu bambamce-bambamcen wasu kalmomi ko kuma ma canjin yaren kaco-kaf. Daga cikin rabe-raben Kanuri akwai; Wuje, Gumati, Manga, Bodoi, Kanembu, Morr, Kwayam, Suwurti, Buduma da sauransu.


Matan Kanurai (Kwayam)

Addini

Kanurai mutane ne Musulmi. Dakta Babagana Abubakar ya ce: “100% ɗin Kanurai Musulmi ne waɗanda suka riƙi addinin Musulunci a matsayin tafarkin rayuwarsu sannan kuma Annabi Muhammadu samfurin su…”

Gudunmawar Kanurai Wajen Yaɗa Addinin Musulunci

Gazali (2014), ya bayyana Kanurai a matsayin mutanen da suka bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen yaɗa ilimin addinin Musulunci da harkar malunta a Afirka ta Yamma a matakin farko da kuma dukkan faɗin Afirka baki ɗaya.

Sarkin Musulmi Muhammad Ballo (1974), ya siffanta su a matsayin mutanen da Musulunci ya yi matuƙar yaɗuwa a duk faɗin daularsu a tsakankani sarakunansu da waziransu da sauran jama’arsu, har ta kai ga yana faɗin cewa: “Kai! Ba za ka taɓa samun jama’a a cikin waɗannan garuruwan ba face sun himmatu da karatun Alƙur’ani da tajawidinsa (Hukunce-hukuncen karatun Alƙur’ani), haddace shi da kuma rubuta shi. Jama’ar ba su gushe haka nan ba har lokacin gudanar da wannan jahadin”. Dongane da wannan gaɓa, har ya zuwa yau ɗin nan (2019), akwai wasu unguwanni a cikin garin Maiduguri, kamar irin su Dikeciri da sauran su, waɗanda duk gidan da ka shiga ba za ka rasa mahaddacin Alƙur’ani guda ɗaya ba, kamar yadda Ahmad Sa’ad Ngamdu ya shaida mana a cikin tattaunawar da muka yi da shi a ranar Lahadi 11/6/2019 a Abuja.

Farfesa Adu Boahen (1986), ya siffanta irin gudunmawar da Barebari suka bayar wajen yaɗa ilimin addinin Musulunci a faɗin Afirka da ma duniya baki ɗaya ta yadda ya bayar da misali da mashahurin Malami Muhammadu Mugili wanda sarkin Kano Muhammadu Rumfa ya gayyata zuwa Kano domin koyar da ilimin addinin Musulunci, kuma ya bayar da gudunmawa wajen rubuta Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Masarautar Kano.

Fitattun Mutane Kanurai

Kanurai suna da fitattun mutane da suka riƙe manya-manyan muƙaman da suka kai har matakin shugabannin ƙasashe a duniya tun kafin shigowar Turawa Yankin Baƙaƙe har zuwa zamanin shigowar Turawa musamman kafin samun ‘yancin-kan wasu daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka kamar irin su Najeriya da kuma bayan samun yancin kan a wasu ƙasashen kamar irin su Najeriya, Nijar da  sauran su.

Daga cikin irin waɗannan mutane waɗanda suka yi fice a Najeriya akwai Sir Kashim Ibrahim, gwamnan farko na Yankin Arewa, 1962 - 1966; Alhaji Zanna Dipcharima, Ministan Masana’antu a zamanin Sir Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa, sannan kuma Firimiyan Najeriya na wucin-gadi; Shettima Ali Monguno, Ministan Man Fetur na farko a Najeriya daga shekarar 1972 zuwa 1975 sannan kuma Babban Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙasashe Masu Arziƙin Man Fetur wato OPEC daga 1972 zuwa 1973; Kamsalem, Sufeto Janar na ‘Yansandan Najeriya na biyu 1966 – 1975; Birgediya-Janar Abba Kyari, Gwamnan Jahar Tsakiyar Arewa 1967 - 1975; Babagana Kingibe, Ministan Harkokin Ƙasashen Waje, 1993 – 1995 sannan kuma Sakataren Gwamnatin Najeriya, 2007 - 2008; Janar Sani Abacha, Shugaban Gwamnatin Sojan Najeriya, 1993 - 1998 da sauransu.

Sannan kuma a cikin su akwai hamshaƙan masu kuɗi na dauri kamar irin su Alhaji Mai Deribe, Sheikh Abubakar Elmiskin, Alhaji Umar Na Alhaji Lawan, Alhaji Kuli Deribe, da sauran su.


A Jamhuriyar Nijar Kuma, akwai mutane irin su Mamane Oumarou, tsohon firimiyan Nijar a shekarar 1983; Mamadou Tandja tsohon shugaban ƙasar Nijar, 1999 – 2010 da sauran su.

Tsagen Fuska

Kanurai suna da tsagar gado a fuskarsu. Wannan tsaga ta su kuwa guda tara ce da suke yin ɗaya a tsakiyar goshi wadda take farawa daga farkon goshi ta sama har zuwa ƙarshen ƙasan doron hanci, sai guda biyu-biyu a kan kumatu, da kuma ƙarin wasu guda biyu-biyu a ɓarin dama da hagu na fuska, sannan kuma dukkan tsagogin nasu dogaye ne. Kalli Fuskar Marigayi Janar Abacha a matsayin misali.


Janar Muhammadu Sani Abacha

Guraren da Ake Samun Kanurai a Duniya

Kanurai sun fi yawa a Arewacin Najeriya inda suke da Jahohi biyu; Borno da Yobe tare da zamowar garin Maiduguri a matsayin babban birninsu. Haka nan kuma akan same su a Yammacin Nijar, jahar Zinder; Kudu-Maso-Gabashin Chadi; Arewacin Kamaru. Sannan kuma akwai su ‘yan kaɗan a Kudancin Libiya; warwatse a Sudan da kuma Jamhuriyar Gabon.

Bayan waɗannan gurare kuma ana samun Kanurai a garuruwan Lafiyan Barebari, cikin jahar Nassarawa;  garin Tofa, Kano duk a cikin jahar Kano; Zaria a jahar Kaduna; Gwaram, Dutse, Haɗejia, Kirikasamma, Mallam Madori duk a cikin jahar Jigawa da kuma sauran guraren da ƙididdige su yake da wahala.

Manazarta

Abubakar B. (2017). Kanuri Complete. An ciro daga Shafin: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320004428, a shekarar 2017.

Ayobase (2013). The Slogans, Meanings and Histories of the 36 States. An ciro daga shafin: http://www.nairaland.com/1295105/slogans, a shekarar 2016.

Boahen A. (1986). Topics in West African History. Pearson Educational Limited, Edinburg Gate, Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE, England.

Ballo M. (1974). Infaƙul Maisuri Fii Taarikhi Bilaadittukruur. Daarul Kutub, 1974.

Gazali K.A.Y. (2014). The Role of Kanem Borno Ulama in Quranic Education, Before the Colonial Rule in Nigeria. An ciro daga shafin: cƙs.buk.edu.ng/.../Dr.%20Kalli%20The%20Role%20of%20 a shekarar 2016.

Naijaface (2010). Nigeria State and Capital with Their Slogan. An ciro daga shafin: http://naijaface.blogspot.com.ng/2011/01/nigeria-state-and-capital-with-their.html, a shekarar 2016.

Sean (2013). List of Nigerian State Slogans/Nicknames. An ciro daga shafin: http://dailymail.com.ng/list-of-nigerian-state-slogansnicknames, a shekarar 2016.

Yakasai T. (2004). Tank Yakasai, The Story of a Humble Life, An Autobiography, Volume I. Goverment Printers, Kano-Nigeria.

Wikipedia (2016). List of Nigerian states' nicknames. An ciro daga shafin: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_states%27_nicknames, a shekarar 2016.